本文選題：魚卵 + 仔稚魚��； 參考：《浙江海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：浙江沿海漁業(yè)資源豐富,是多種海洋經濟魚類的產卵場和其仔稚魚索餌場。眾所周知魚卵和仔魚是重要的漁業(yè)補充資源,它們的數量和保護情況以及所處的生態(tài)環(huán)境直接影響了成魚的資源量。本研究探討應用DNA條形碼技術對魚卵和仔魚進行分類鑒定,了解浙江沿海水域產卵區(qū)的物種組成,為漁業(yè)管理者提供幫助。主要研究內容如下:1.成魚樣品采集了來自浙江舟山、登步、桃花、六橫、蝦峙、朱家尖、岱山、小長涂、大長涂、衢山、泗礁和枸杞島等島嶼以及蒼南沿海海域的樣本。采集時間為2011年-2014夏天,捕撈方法為近海捕魚船和近海定點漁網。一共鑒定出71種海洋魚類,隸屬于8目25科�；贑OI序列與Genbak數據庫比對,相似度達到98%以上的有65種,可以鑒定到種的水平。相似度在92%-98%的有3種,可以鑒定到屬的水平。剩余3種相似度低于92%。2.魚卵仔魚樣品收集于2014年5月-2015年11月,在浙江沿海水域租用漁船采用大型浮游生物網(網長280cm、網口內徑80cm、網口面積0.5m2網目0.5mm、拖速2海里/h、拖網時間10分鐘)。通過形態(tài)學初步鑒定,可以鑒定到科的占樣品總數的16.9%,鑒定到種的占1.4%。通過Genbank數據庫比對,結果顯示從73個樣本序列中一共鑒定出21個魚類物種,分屬于9個科。其中相似度達到98%以上的有67個樣品19種,可以鑒定到種的比例達到91.8%。相似度達到83%到92%的有6個樣品2種,可以鑒定到科的比例為100%。DNA條形碼技術是傳統(tǒng)形態(tài)學強有力的補充,可以很好的輔助形態(tài)學,并驗證形態(tài)學鑒定結果。它是一種準確的,規(guī)范化的,有效的物種鑒定工具,在魚類生物多樣性研究中具有廣闊的應用前景。3.通過分析COI DNA序列種內平均K-2-P遺傳距離0.56%,屬內種間平均遺傳距離9.19%,科內屬間平均遺傳距離21.72%,目內科間平均遺傳距離25.25%,表明種內距離遠小于種間距離,與絕大多數條形碼研究結果一致。基于魚卵仔魚COI序列構建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹顯示結果與形態(tài)學方法構建的成魚系統(tǒng)進化關系一致,說明DNA條形碼技術可以應用于魚卵仔魚的分類鑒定。
[Abstract]:Zhejiang is rich in fishery resources, which is the oviposition of many kinds of marine economic fish and the bait field of their larvae and juveniles. It is well known that fish eggs and larvae are important supplementary fishery resources. Their quantity and protection and ecological environment have a direct impact on the amount of adult fish resources. In this study, DNA barcode technique was used to classify and identify fish eggs and larvae, to understand the species composition of spawning areas in Zhejiang coastal waters, and to provide assistance to fishery managers. The main research contents are as follows: 1. Adult fish samples were collected from Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, Dengbu, Taohua, Liuheng, Xianzhi, Zhu Jiajian, Daishan, Xiaochangtu, Dachang Tuo, Ququ Mountain, Sijiao and Lycium Island, as well as the coastal waters of Cangnan. The collection time is 2011-2014 summer, the fishing method is the offshore fishing vessel and the offshore fixed point fishing net. A total of 71 species of marine fish belonging to 25 families of 8 orders were identified. Based on the alignment of COI sequence and Genbak database, there are 65 species whose similarity is above 98%, which can be identified at the level of species. There are 3 species with similarity between 92% and 98%, which can be identified to the level of genus. The remaining 3 kinds of similarity are less than 92. 2. Fish eggs were collected from May 2014 to November 2015. Large plankton nets (net length 280 cm, net diameter 80 cm, net area 0.5m2 mesh 0.5 mm, drag speed 2 nautical miles / h, trawl time 10 minutes) were used to hire fishing vessels in coastal waters of Zhejiang Province (net length 280 cm, net diameter 80 cm, net area 0.5 mm, drag speed 2 nautical miles / h, trawl time 10 minutes). According to the preliminary morphological identification, 16.9% of the total samples of the family and 1.4% of the species can be identified. The results of Genbank database alignment showed that 21 fish species belonging to 9 families were identified from 73 sample sequences. Among them, there are 67 samples with more than 98% similarity, and the proportion of identified species is 91.8%. There are 6 samples with similarity of 83% to 92%. The proportion of 100%.DNA bar code can be identified as a powerful supplement to traditional morphology, which can be used to assist morphology and verify the results of morphological identification. It is an accurate, standardized and effective tool for species identification, and has a broad application prospect in the study of fish biodiversity. The average genetic distance of K-2-P in COI DNA sequence was 0.56, the average genetic distance among intra species was 9.19, the average genetic distance among Kone genera was 21.72, and the average genetic distance among orders was 25.25. The results showed that the average genetic distance within species was much smaller than that between species. The results are consistent with the results of most bar code studies. The results of phylogenetic tree constructed based on COI sequence were consistent with the phylogenetic relationship of adult fish constructed by morphological method, which indicated that DNA barcode technique could be applied to the classification and identification of larvae.
【學位授予單位】：浙江海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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本文編號：1931044