本文選題：深松 + 有機(jī)肥��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年,農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化飛速發(fā)展,保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)也逐漸被大家所重視,其主要的措施之一就是土壤的深松技術(shù)。土壤的深松技術(shù)具有加深耕作層、打破堅(jiān)硬犁底層、改善農(nóng)作物根部生長環(huán)境、提高土壤的透水和透氣性、提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量等作用。有機(jī)肥料的配施,不僅可以增加土壤中有機(jī)物含量,還可以提供農(nóng)作物生長過程中所需的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),改善土壤的耕層結(jié)構(gòu)。所以本文主要針對云南地區(qū)的地理環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)了一種深松施肥機(jī)具,為驗(yàn)證深松關(guān)鍵部件的深松作業(yè)效果和深松施肥機(jī)整機(jī)的作業(yè)性能,進(jìn)行了田間深松作業(yè)試驗(yàn)。本研究包括以下幾點(diǎn):(1)將試驗(yàn)田中的土壤分層測試,測定參數(shù)包括:密度、含水率、內(nèi)摩擦系數(shù)、粘聚力、抗剪強(qiáng)度等。(2)對深松鏟進(jìn)行EDEM仿真分析。深松機(jī)構(gòu)為曲面弧形,包含鏟尖與鏟柄。鏟尖基本尺寸為寬度:70mm,長度:293mm,厚度:14mm。鏟尖與鏟柄的材料均使用65Mn。進(jìn)行仿真分析可知,深松機(jī)構(gòu)的主要應(yīng)力點(diǎn)為鏟尖的前端,同時(shí)土壤顆粒的擾動(dòng)性很好。(3)螺旋排肥系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與仿真。確定相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):旋片的厚度是:1.5mm、高度是:180mm、螺距是:165mm,單傳排肥量M=0.84kg/轉(zhuǎn)。然后建立三維模型,對排肥系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行EDEM仿真,結(jié)果證明其排肥流暢、無堵塞、架空等情況。(4)整機(jī)總體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。整機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)校核與計(jì)算,應(yīng)用Solidworks三維軟件對關(guān)鍵部件和整機(jī)進(jìn)行建模、裝配,并對機(jī)具的整體干涉性進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。(5)樣機(jī)制作與田間試驗(yàn)。應(yīng)用樣機(jī)進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)表明:深松前后土壤顆粒含水率的均值各自提高了 13.5%、12.4%、12.1%和13%,整體的含水率平均值提高了 12.7%,證明了該樣機(jī)作業(yè)后土壤的蓄水保墑能力很好;土壤顆粒堅(jiān)實(shí)度均值的比較,得到均值各自降低了 77.4%、46.5%、36.7%和27.2%,說明該深松施肥機(jī)具樣機(jī)的深松土壤性能很好;樣機(jī)的深松深度達(dá)標(biāo)率達(dá)到了 96%,深松深度的變異系數(shù)已達(dá)到3.9%,土壤的膨松度均值是18.21%,土壤的干擾系數(shù)是57%。作業(yè)后地面平整度為32mm;全部耕層和地表面10cm之內(nèi)的碎土率均值分別是:77%與85%。以上所有的指標(biāo)均達(dá)到了國家JB/T10295-2014的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的深松施肥機(jī)具,使用后不但可以很大程度上減輕農(nóng)民的工作強(qiáng)度,還可以增加農(nóng)民的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,改善土壤沃力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of agricultural mechanization, conservation tillage technology has been gradually attached importance to, one of its main measures is soil deep loosening technology. The deep soil loosening technology has the functions of deepening the tillage layer, breaking the bottom of hard plough, improving the growth environment of crop root, improving the water permeability and permeability of soil, increasing crop yield and so on. The combined application of organic fertilizer can not only increase the content of organic matter in soil, but also provide the nutrients needed in the process of crop growth, and improve the structure of soil plough layer. In order to verify the effect of the key parts of deep loosening and the performance of the whole machine, a deep loosening experiment was carried out in the field. This research includes the following points: 1) the soil in the test field is stratified and tested. The parameters include density, moisture content, internal friction coefficient, cohesion, shear strength and so on. The EDEM simulation analysis of the deep loosening shovel is carried out. The deep loosening mechanism is curved arc, including shovel tip and shovel handle. The basic dimensions of the shovel are: width: 70 mm, length: 293mm, thickness: 14 mm. The materials of shovel tip and shovel handle are 65Mn. The simulation results show that the main stress point of the deep loosening mechanism is the front end of the shovel tip and the design and simulation of the screw fertiliser system with good disturbance of soil particles. The relative structural parameters are determined as follows: the thickness of the rotor is 1: 1.5mm, the height is 1: 180mm, the pitch is 1: 165mm, and the weight of single transfer is M=0.84kg/. Then a three-dimensional model is established and the EDEM simulation of the system is carried out. The results show that the design of the overall structure of the machine is smooth, no clogging and overhead. The design and calculation of the whole machine are checked and calculated. The key components and the whole machine are modeled and assembled by using Solidworks software. The field experiment with the prototype showed that the average water content of soil particles before and after deep loosening increased by 13.5% and 13.13% respectively, and the average water content of the whole soil increased by 12.7%, which proved that the soil moisture storage ability of the prototype was very good after the operation. Compared with the average value of soil particle firmness, the average value was reduced by 77.4% and 27.2%, respectively, indicating that the deep loosening soil performance of the prototype was very good. The coefficient of variation of the depth of deep loosening has reached 3.9, the mean value of soil swelling is 18.21, and the interference coefficient of soil is 570.The rate of reaching the standard of the depth of deep loosening is 96, and the coefficient of variation of the depth of deep loosening has reached 3.9. After operation, the planeness of the ground is 32mm, and the average rate of soil fragmentation within the total tilling layer and surface 10cm is respectively: 77% and 85%. All of the above indicators meet the national JB/T10295-2014 standards. The deep loosening fertilizing machine designed in this paper can not only reduce the working intensity of farmers to a great extent, but also increase the economic benefits of farmers and improve the soil water strength.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S224.2

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