本文選題：氣力杯勺式 + 排種器��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：馬鈴薯是我國的四大主要糧食作物之一,具有生長期短、營養(yǎng)豐富、產(chǎn)量高和適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。目前,我國馬鈴薯的種植面積和總產(chǎn)量已位于全球首位,而單產(chǎn)水平卻低于世界水平,馬鈴薯的全程機(jī)械化已成我國馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的瓶頸,高效可靠的馬鈴薯排種器是全程機(jī)械化的迫切需求。馬鈴薯排種器是播種機(jī)械的核心裝置,播種質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣直接影響到了馬鈴薯產(chǎn)量的高低。本文在系統(tǒng)比較和分析國內(nèi)外馬鈴薯機(jī)械化播種技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國馬鈴薯的種植農(nóng)藝要求,設(shè)計出了一種氣力杯勺式馬鈴薯排種器,該排種器主要由種箱、間歇式喂入機(jī)構(gòu)、限流擋板、輸種鏈條、種子室、氣室殼體、輸種管、杯勺等部分組成,采用杯勺與氣力排種相結(jié)合的方式來提高排種性能來降低馬鈴薯的損傷率。本文主要研究內(nèi)容包括:(1)馬鈴薯的物理機(jī)械特性馬鈴薯種薯物理機(jī)械特性的研究,為排種器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計提供了依據(jù)。測得的中薯3號和華薯1號的長度大都集中45~60mm,寬度大部分集中在40~50mm,厚度則集中在30~45mm;中薯3號大多屬于圓形,而華薯1號大多屬于圓形和橢圓形;測得的在華薯1號、華薯2號和紅島這三種馬鈴薯頂部的曲率半徑大都集中在20mm左右,腰部的曲率半徑大部分集中在30~35mm,底部的曲率半徑大都集中在20mm左右。馬鈴薯的形狀尺寸、曲率半徑等為氣力杯勺式馬鈴薯排種器關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計提供了參考依據(jù)。碰撞損傷力學(xué)特性試驗(yàn)為降低馬鈴薯的損傷率提供了參考。(2)氣力杯勺式馬鈴薯排種器關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計與研制結(jié)合馬鈴薯的種植農(nóng)藝要求,設(shè)計出了一種氣力杯勺式馬鈴薯排種器,并對排種器關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了相關(guān)參數(shù)的設(shè)計與計算。其中動盤和定盤的直徑都為185mm,動盤的圓周上均布12個型孔;通過馬鈴薯的三軸尺寸和曲率半徑確定了杯勺的最大直徑為50mm,杯勺半球形的半徑為30mm;由吸種管和杯勺組成的攪種裝置,對種子室里最底層的馬鈴薯產(chǎn)生擾動,防止了架空現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生;通過對排種器工作過程的關(guān)鍵位置進(jìn)行動力學(xué)分析,計算得出了單個杯勺吸孔最小臨界真空度的理想值P1臨=2.1808KPa,并推導(dǎo)得出了能使排種器順利工作的實(shí)際最小臨界真空度P2臨,為設(shè)計真空度相關(guān)的試驗(yàn)提供了參考依據(jù)。(3)氣力杯勺式馬鈴薯排種器的性能試驗(yàn)通過單因素試驗(yàn)和析因試驗(yàn),對自行設(shè)計的氣力杯勺式馬鈴薯排種器進(jìn)行了排種性能的檢測。單因素試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)輸種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為5r/min,氣室真空度為14KPa時,合格指數(shù)隨著排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速的增加呈先上升后下降的趨勢,排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為15r/min時合格指數(shù)最高,為46.95%;當(dāng)排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為15r/min,氣室真空度為14KPa時,合格指數(shù)隨著輸種軸轉(zhuǎn)速的增加總體呈下降的趨勢,當(dāng)輸種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為3r/min時,馬鈴薯的喂入量較合適,合格指數(shù)最高,為48.65%;當(dāng)輸種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為5r/min,排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為15r/min時,合格指數(shù)呈隨著氣室真空度的增加上升的趨勢,當(dāng)氣室真空度為14KPa時,合格指數(shù)最高,為46.95%。析因試驗(yàn)研究表明,排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速和輸種軸轉(zhuǎn)速有顯著的交互作用,其中,排種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為10r/min時對試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的影響要比其他水平顯著,輸種軸轉(zhuǎn)速為3r/min時對試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的影響要比其他水平顯著。
[Abstract]:Potato is one of the four major grain crops in China. It has the characteristics of short growth period, rich nutrition, high yield and strong adaptability. At present, the planting area and total yield of potato in China are in the first place in the world, but the single yield level is lower than the world level, and the whole process of potato has become the bottleneck of the development of the potato industry in China. The potato seed metering device is the urgent demand for the whole process of mechanization. The potato seed metering device is the core device of the sowing machine. The quality of the sowing is directly influenced by the quality of the potato. On the basis of the systematic comparison and analysis of the technology of potato mechanization at home and abroad, this paper combines the cultivation of potato in China. A kind of pneumatic cup spoon potato seed metering device is designed. The seed metering device is mainly composed of seed box, intermittent feeding mechanism, flow limiting baffle, seed chain, seed chamber, gas chamber shell, feeding tube, cup spoon and so on. It uses cup spoon and pneumatic seed metering to improve seed performance in order to reduce the damage rate of potato. The contents include: (1) the physical and mechanical properties of potato and the physical and mechanical properties of potato seed potato, which provides the basis for the structure design of the seed metering device. The length of the No. 3 and Hua tuber No. 1 is mostly concentrated in the 45~60mm, the width is mostly concentrated in the 40~50mm, the thickness is concentrated in the 30~45mm; the middle potato No. 3 is mostly round, but the Hua tuber No. 1 is big. The curvature radius of the top of three kinds of potato is mostly concentrated at about 20mm, the curvature radius of the waist is mostly concentrated at 30~35mm, and the radius of curvature at the bottom is mostly around 20mm. The shape size, curvature radius, etc. of the potato are the potato platoon of the gas cup spoon. The design and development of the key components of the potato spoon type potato seed metering device were designed and developed, and the design and development of the key components of the potato spoon type potato seed metering device, combined with the farming requirements of the potato, designed a type of potato seed metering device with a pneumatic cup spoon, and closed the seed metering device. (2) the design and development of the key parts of the potato spoon type potato seed metering device were designed and developed. The key parts are designed and calculated. The diameter of the disc and the fixed disc is 185mm, and the circle of the disc is distributed 12 holes. The maximum diameter of the cup spoon is 50mm and the hemisphere radius of the cup spoon is 30mm through the three axis size and the curvature radius of the potato; the seed room is made up of the seed suction pipe and the cup spoon. The bottom of the potato produced disturbance to prevent the emergence of the aerial phenomenon. Through the dynamic analysis of the key position of the work process of the seed metering device, the ideal value P1 of the minimum critical vacuum degree of a single cup spoon suction hole was calculated, and the actual minimum critical vacuum degree, P2, which could make the seed metering device work smoothly, was derived. A reference basis was provided for the design of vacuum degree related tests. (3) the performance test of a spoon type potato seed metering device was carried out by single factor test and factorial test. The performance of the self designed gas cup spoon potato seed metering device was tested. The single factor test showed that when the speed of the transmission shaft was 5r/min, the vacuum degree of the gas chamber was the same. When 14KPa, the qualification index rises first and then decreases with the increase of the rotation speed of the seed shafts. The qualified index is the highest when the rotation speed is 15r/min, and it is 46.95%. When the rotation speed is 15r/min and the vacuum degree of the gas chamber is 14KPa, the qualified index is generally decreasing with the increase of the speed of the transmission shaft. When the rotation speed of the transmission shaft is 3r/min, the horse bell The feeding quantity of the sweet potato is more suitable, the qualified index is the highest, which is 48.65%. When the rotation speed is 5r/min and the rotation speed is 15r/min, the qualified index increases with the increase of the vacuum degree of the gas chamber. When the vacuum degree of the air chamber is 14KPa, the qualified index is the highest. It is shown by the study of 46.95%. factorial test that the rotation speed of the seed row shaft and the speed of the transmission shaft are significant. When the rotation speed of the seed metering shaft is 10r/min, the influence of the test index on the test index is more significant than that of the other level. The effect of the rotation speed of 3r/min on the test index is more significant than that of the other levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S223.2

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