發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-17 14:04

  本文選題：多倫縣 + 林分類型�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文在多倫縣森林選取典型的楊樹、榆樹、樟子松、山杏及黃柳等不同林分類型為研究對(duì)象,開展林地生態(tài)效益研究。通過野外調(diào)查及收集樣品、室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)及數(shù)據(jù)處理、統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等方法對(duì)林下生物量、土壤理化性質(zhì)及森林土壤持水性能等進(jìn)行全面研究,并運(yùn)用實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)其當(dāng)?shù)亓值氐纳鷳B(tài)效益進(jìn)行定量分析,闡述了不同林分與林下植被和土壤特征的變化規(guī)律的差異及天然林和人工林之間的差異,研究結(jié)果可以為該地區(qū)林分可持續(xù)經(jīng)營提供數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)。主要研究得出的結(jié)果如下:1.在群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征中,6個(gè)喬木林的胸徑結(jié)構(gòu)樣地D9-天然山楊林以外,其他喬木均在7~(-1)0cm胸徑內(nèi)的株數(shù)為最多,并且又除了樣地D9,其他平均在2-6m和8~(-1)1m樹高內(nèi)的株數(shù)為最多,這表明了,樣地D9的生長狀況為最佳。對(duì)不同林分的物種多樣性進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,因每林地的林分結(jié)構(gòu)及樹種組成過于簡單,導(dǎo)致此林地的物種多樣很低,并且唯獨(dú)豐富度指數(shù)很明顯,最高的為樣地D1-天然山杏林,這表明了此樣地的物種多樣為較高,穩(wěn)定性高于其他林地。對(duì)林下草本層的生物量分析的結(jié)果為,最高的為樣地D6-黃柳天然林,而最小的是樣地D9-天然山楊林;人工林D5-沙地榆最高,D3-二青楊最小。有前述可知,D9在胸徑和樹高大的株數(shù)特別多,D3的為最小,從這導(dǎo)致胸徑、樹高、密度過大會(huì)使林下植被的生長環(huán)境競爭更強(qiáng)烈,而過小遮住不了太陽的直照,林下環(huán)境因而干旱,從而以上這樣林下植被的生長接近了原始草地的形式來看,林地對(duì)植被的影響不顯著。所有不同林分枯落物均大于原始草地,在天然林中最多的是樣地D9,人工林中樣地D10。又從前述再可知,樣地D9的胸徑和樹高大的株數(shù)很多,那么使地下枯落物的積累的越多,再因?yàn)闃拥谼10是針葉林,掉落下來的針葉和果實(shí)會(huì)積累的更多。2.監(jiān)測對(duì)多倫縣不同林分類型的土壤理化性質(zhì)的結(jié)果為:無論天然林還是人工林,土壤容重隨著土層加深緩慢增加,含水率為增加的變化,同一林地呈一致的變化規(guī)律。在化學(xué)性質(zhì)中,土壤的有機(jī)質(zhì)、全N、全P、堿解氮、速效磷及速效鉀均隨著土壤土層的加深呈減小。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最高的是D1-山杏天然林;全P含量最高的也是D1-天然山杏林,速效磷最高的為D10-人工樟子松林;全K含量在林地之間和每林地與原始草地的差異不大,平均在0.009g·kg~(-1)范圍之內(nèi);速效鉀的含量均為高,最高的為D1-天然山杏林。與對(duì)照區(qū)(草地)對(duì)比后可知,有林地的土壤容重均小于原始草地,并且有林地對(duì)土壤水分的效益遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于天然草地;養(yǎng)分含量的高低均表現(xiàn)為天然林人工林天然草地,有林地對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的改善效果大與草地。3.對(duì)天然林和人工林的枯落物持水能力、入滲狀況及土壤持水性能進(jìn)行測定結(jié)果:①天然林樣地的枯落物層蓄積量大于人工林地。②無論從枯落物的蓄積量還是持水一級(jí)有效攔蓄量來看,都是D9-山楊林為最高。③不同林分類型的枯落物持水量與浸泡時(shí)間的回歸關(guān)系出現(xiàn)兩種不同的關(guān)系式。④不同林分類型的入滲狀況為:在4個(gè)天然林樣地中,樣地D9-山楊林的入滲速率最高,而6個(gè)人工林樣地里,最高的為樣地D5-沙地榆林,最低的為樣地D10-樟子松林。⑤不同林分類型中孔隙度、持水量和蓄水能力的大小排序?yàn)闃拥谼10D9D2D8D4,并且最大蓄水量和涵養(yǎng)水源量,它們均表現(xiàn)出喬木林灌木林。⑥從土壤物理性質(zhì)與土壤持水性能之間的相關(guān)性分析中可知,林地土壤的最大蓄水量和涵養(yǎng)水源量主要取決于土壤的孔隙狀況,同時(shí),在從土壤物理性質(zhì)與土壤入滲之間的相關(guān)性分析中,初滲速率和穩(wěn)滲速率與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、含水率、總孔隙度呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,并且與土壤密度、非毛管孔隙度呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。與對(duì)照區(qū)對(duì)比后可知,有林地對(duì)土壤水分的影響比起原始草地很大,并且每樣地與對(duì)照區(qū)的孔隙度、持水量和蓄水能力從大到小為樣地D10D9D2D8D4對(duì)照區(qū),無論是最大蓄水量還是涵養(yǎng)水源量,均表現(xiàn)出喬木林灌木林草地。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the forest ecological benefits of typical poplar, elm, Pinus sylvestris, apricot and yellow willow were selected in the forest of Duolun County, and the biomass, soil physicochemical properties and water holding capacity of forest soil were studied by field investigation and collection of samples, laboratory experiments, data processing and statistical analysis. A comprehensive study was carried out, and the quantitative analysis of the ecological benefits of the local woodland was carried out with the measured data. The difference between the changes of the vegetation and soil characteristics under different stands and the soil characteristics and the difference between the natural forest and the artificial forest were expounded. The results could provide the data basis for the sustainable management of the forest in this area. The results are as follows: 1. in the community structure, the number of other trees in the 7~ (-1) 0cm chest diameter is the most, and the other trees are the most in the 2-6m and 8~ (-1) 1m tree height, except for the D9- natural mountain Yang Lin, and the other trees are the best. This shows that the growth of the D9 is the best. The species diversity was monitored because the forest structure and tree species composition of each woodland were too simple, and the species diversity was very low, and the only richness index was obvious, the highest D1- natural mountain apricot forest, which showed that the species diversity was higher and the stability was higher than that of other woodlands. The result of the quantitative analysis is that the highest D6- yellow willow natural forest is D6-, and the smallest is the sample land D9- natural mountain Yang Lin; the plantation is the highest and the D3- two poplar is the smallest. It is known that the number of D9 in the DBH and the tree is very large, the D3 is the smallest, from which the diameter of the chest, the tree height, the density over the growth environment of the understory vegetation is more competitive. Strong, too small can not cover the sun's direct illumination, and the under forest environment is dry, thus the growth of the vegetation is close to the form of the original grassland, and the influence of the woodland on the vegetation is not significant. All the different forest litter is larger than the original grassland, the most in the natural forest is the sample D9, and the D10. in the plantation is from the foregoing. It can be seen that the number of DBH and tall trees of D9 is very large, so the accumulation of subterranean litter is more, and the D10 is the coniferous forest, the falling needles and fruit will accumulate more.2. to monitor the soil physical and chemical properties of different forest types in dolun County: the soil bulk density along with both natural and artificial forests Soil soil organic matter, all N, total P, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available P and available K decreased with soil soil depth. The highest soil organic matter content was the D1- apricot natural forest, and the highest content of all P was also the D1- natural mountain. In apricot forest, the highest available phosphorus was D10- artificial camphora pine forest, and the total K content had little difference between the woodland and the original grassland, and the average content was within the range of 0.009g. Kg~ (-1). The content of available potassium was high and the highest was D1- natural mountain almond. And the benefit of woodland to soil moisture is far greater than that of natural grassland; the level of nutrient content is manifested in natural forest natural grassland, the improvement effect of woodland on soil nutrients is great and the water holding capacity of grassland.3. on natural and artificial forests, infiltration status and soil water holding performance are measured: (1) natural forest sample The storage volume of the litter layer is greater than that of the artificial forest land. (2) the D9- mountain poplar forest is the highest in terms of the volume of the litter and the effective retention of water holding level. (3) the regression relationship between the water holding capacity of the litter and the soaking time of different forest types has two different relationships. (4) the infiltration status of different stand types is 4 In natural forest plots, the infiltration rate of D9- Poplar Forests is the highest, while in the 6 artificial forest plots, the highest is the sample land D5- sand Yulin, the lowest is the sample area of the camphor pine forest. 5. The porosity, the water holding capacity and the storage capacity of different forest types are sorted as the sample plots of D10D9D2D8D4, and the maximum water storage and water conservation are all of them. The correlation analysis between the physical properties of soil and the water holding capacity of soil shows that the maximum water storage and water conservation of the woodland soil mainly depend on the pore condition of the soil. At the same time, in the correlation analysis of the soil physical properties and the infiltration of soil, the initial infiltration rate and the steady infiltration rate are and have a good rate. There is a negative correlation between the organic content, water content and total porosity, and has a positive correlation with soil density and non capillary porosity. Compared with the control area, it is found that the effect of woodland on soil moisture is larger than that of the original grassland, and the porosity, water holding capacity and storage capacity of each land and the control area are from large to small as the sample D10D9D2D8D4. In the photo area, both the maximum storage capacity and the water conservation amount showed arbushes and shrubs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F326.27

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