本文選題：柚木人工林 + 林下植被　； 參考：《中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以廣東省揭陽市、云南河口、云南勐臘和海南省柚木人工林為對(duì)象,設(shè)立91個(gè)樣地,通過調(diào)查樣方的植被種名、株數(shù)、高度及蓋度等,并采集0~20cm和20~40cm土壤進(jìn)行理化性質(zhì)分析,研究不同密度、林齡、坡位和區(qū)域的人工林林下植被及土壤理化性質(zhì)及其二者的相關(guān)性,并以林下植被物種多樣性指數(shù)及其土壤理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行主成分分析來評(píng)價(jià)柚木人工林的立地質(zhì)量,為柚木人工林可持續(xù)經(jīng)營提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過野外調(diào)查和內(nèi)業(yè)處理分析,得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)廣東揭陽不同林分密度柚木人工林調(diào)查結(jié)果表明:隨著林分密度增加,林下植被Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Simpson優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)和均勻度指數(shù)表現(xiàn)出先增加后減少的趨勢(shì);相同密度下,上層土土壤理化性質(zhì)優(yōu)于下層土,不同林分密度間柚木人工林土壤毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、速效K、速效P、全P、交換性酸和交換性Al等土壤理化性質(zhì)指標(biāo)差異性顯著(P0.05);隨著林分密度增大,土壤理化性質(zhì)整體呈現(xiàn)出先改善后退化的變化過程;基于主成分分析結(jié)果得出適宜的林分密度(1 050株·hm-2)有利于保持較好的林下植被物種多樣性和土壤理化性質(zhì)。不同密度人工林的土壤毛管孔隙度和總孔隙度與林下植被物種多樣性指數(shù)呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)性,速效P對(duì)灌木物種多樣性指數(shù)也有重要指示作用。(2)云南河口不同林齡柚木人工林調(diào)查結(jié)果表明:隨著林齡的增加,灌木層Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Simpson優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)和草本層的均勻度指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)出先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),且指數(shù)值都在20年時(shí)最大;土壤體積含水量、田間持水量、毛管孔隙度、總孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度等土壤物理性質(zhì)指標(biāo)整體變化趨勢(shì)是先降低后增加,然后再下降的變化趨勢(shì),這一變化規(guī)律與土壤密度剛好相反;而全K、速效K、速效P、全N、有機(jī)質(zhì)、交換性鈣、上層交換性酸和陽離子交換量等化學(xué)性質(zhì)指標(biāo)先增大后減小;由主成分分析結(jié)果,不同林齡柚木人工林物種多樣性和土壤理化性質(zhì)綜合得分由大到小依次是:20a(1.42)8a(0.54)13a(-0.42)26a(-0.47),說明柚木人工林在生長過程中,在20年生的時(shí)候林地立地質(zhì)量較高。不同林齡柚木人工林的草本層Shanon-Wiener指數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)與土壤總孔隙度、毛管孔隙度呈顯著的正相關(guān)性,灌木層的Shanon-Wiener指數(shù)與毛管孔隙度、田間持水量、全P、交換性鈣呈極顯著的正相關(guān)性,灌木層Pielou均勻度指數(shù)和豐富度指數(shù)與毛管孔隙度、田間持水量、交換性鈣呈顯著的正相關(guān)性。(3)云南勐臘不同坡位柚木人工林調(diào)查結(jié)果表明:由上坡到下坡,其中草本層的Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Simpson優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)、均勻度指數(shù)和豐富度指數(shù)逐漸增加,灌木層的物種多樣性指數(shù)則是表現(xiàn)出逐漸降低的趨勢(shì);從上坡到下坡過程中,土壤密度逐漸增大,田間持水量和毛孔隙度表現(xiàn)為逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),體積含水量、總孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度的值是表現(xiàn)為中坡上坡下坡,土壤養(yǎng)分表現(xiàn)為上層下層,整體養(yǎng)分比較:中坡優(yōu)于上坡或者下坡;由主成分分析結(jié)果結(jié)合柚木生長情況可判斷中下坡是柚木生長較為理想的立地條件。不同坡位柚木人工林的土壤全K與草本層Shanon-Wiener指數(shù)、Simpson優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)和豐富度指數(shù)呈顯著的正相關(guān)性,速效P與Shanon-Wiener指數(shù)和豐富度指數(shù)呈顯著的正相關(guān)性。(4)海南不同地點(diǎn)柚木人工林調(diào)查結(jié)果表明:三個(gè)地點(diǎn)的同一物種多樣性指數(shù)皆表現(xiàn)出:灌木層草本層,總體來說三個(gè)地點(diǎn)的土壤物理性質(zhì)三亞高峰和五指山毛陽高于三亞半嶺水庫,土壤的交換性酸、交換性Al、鹽基飽和度、交換性鎂、陽離子交換量和有效Fe的大小表現(xiàn)為:三亞高峰五指山毛陽三亞半嶺水庫,全P、速效P、全N、有機(jī)質(zhì)的大小則是:三亞半嶺水庫五指山毛陽三亞高峰,交換性鈣、上層全K和下層有效Zn的大小為:五指山毛陽三亞高峰三亞半嶺水庫;由主成分分析綜合得分可知五指山毛陽地區(qū)是柚木生長較好的地點(diǎn)。不同區(qū)域柚木人工林的土壤全P與草本植被物種多樣性指數(shù)呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)性,土壤密度、體積含水量和速效P對(duì)草本物種多樣性指數(shù)也有重要指示作用。(5)不同省份柚木人工林林下植被調(diào)查表明,廣東揭陽柚木林地植被合計(jì)59種植物,隸屬于39科55屬,云南河口合計(jì)66種植物,隸屬于39科62屬,云南勐臘合計(jì)65種植物,隸屬于42科63屬,海南的植被最為豐富,共出現(xiàn)87種植物,隸屬于38科80屬,人工林樣地雙子葉植物在植被中占主導(dǎo)地位,薇甘菊、鐵芒箕、白茅草、蔓生莠竹、粽葉蘆、刺籬木、山石榴等植物是柚木生長較差的指示植物,鴨跖草、火炭母、狗脊、華南毛厥和嶺南山竹子等植被是柚木生長較好的指示植物;柚木人工林下植被具有較強(qiáng)的熱帶植被區(qū)系特征。不同區(qū)域柚木人工林的土壤全P與草本植被物種多樣性指數(shù)呈極顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)性,土壤密度、體積含水量和速效P對(duì)草本物種多樣性指數(shù)也有重要指示作用。
[Abstract]:In this study, 91 plots were set up in Jieyang, Yunnan estuary, Yunnan estuary, Yunnan Mengla and Hainan province teak plantation. By investigating the name, number, height and coverage of the vegetation, the soil of 0~20cm and 20~40cm was collected to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and the vegetation and soil under the plantation of different density, forest age, slope position and area were studied. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and the correlation between the two and the principal component analysis of the species diversity index and the physical and chemical properties of the subforest vegetation are used to evaluate the site quality of the teak plantation and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of the teak plantation. Through field investigation and internal processing analysis, the following main conclusions are obtained: (1) Guangdong Jieyang does not The survey results of teak plantation in the same forest density showed that the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson dominance index, richness index and evenness index of the undergrowth were increased first and then decreased with the increase of stand density; under the same density, the physical and chemical properties of the upper soil soil were superior to those of the lower soil and the teak plantation soil between different stand density. The soil physical and chemical properties of soil porosity, non capillary porosity, quick acting K, quick acting P, all P, exchangeable acid and exchangeable Al were significantly different (P0.05). As the stand density increased, the soil physical and chemical properties were first improved and then degraded, and the suitable stand density (1050 plant. Hm-2) was obtained based on the results of principal component analysis. It is beneficial to maintain better species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties of understory vegetation. The soil capillary porosity and total porosity of different density plantations have significant negative correlation with the species diversity index of undergrowth vegetation, and the quick acting P also has important instructions for the shrub species diversity index. (2) the different forest age pomelo woodwork in the Yunnan Estuary The results showed that with the increase of forest age, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson dominance index, evenness index, richness index, and the evenness index of the herb layer, the richness index increased first and then decreased, and the index value was the largest in 20 years, the volume of soil water, the field water holding capacity, the capillary porosity, and the total soil volume. The overall change trend of soil physical properties, such as porosity and non capillary porosity, is first decreasing and then decreasing, and the change trend is just the opposite of soil density, and the chemical properties of all K, quick acting K, quick acting P, all N, organic matter, exchangeable calcium, upper interchanging acid and cation exchange rate are increased first. According to the results of principal component analysis, the overall score of species diversity and soil physical and chemical properties of different forest age pomelo trees from large to small were 20A (1.42) 8A (0.54) 13A (-0.42) 26a (-0.47), indicating that in the growth process of teak plantation, the forest site quality was higher when 20 years old, and the grass layer Shanon-W of different forest age pomelo wood human forest The iener index, the richness index has a significant positive correlation with the total soil porosity and capillary porosity, and the Shanon-Wiener index of the shrub layer has a very significant positive correlation with the capillary porosity, the field water holding capacity, the total P, the exchangeable calcium, and the Pielou evenness index and the richness index of the shrub layer and the capillary porosity, the field water holding capacity and the exchangeable calcium. Significant positive correlation. (3) the survey results of teak plantation in different slope positions in Mengla, Yunnan showed that from upslope to downhill, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson dominance index, evenness index and richness index increased gradually from upslope to downhill, and the species diversity index of shrub layer was gradually decreasing; from upslope to downhill In the process, the soil density increased gradually, the field water holding capacity and pore gap degree showed a gradual decline trend, the volume water content, the total porosity and the non capillary porosity were shown as the upper slope of the middle slope, the soil nutrient was upper lower, the overall nutrient was compared: the middle slope was superior to the upper slope or the downslope; the result of the principal component analysis combined with the grapefruit. The growth conditions of wood can be judged to be the ideal site for the growth of teak growth. The total K of the soil of teak plantation in different slope positions has a significant positive correlation with the Shanon-Wiener index of herbaceous layer, the index of Simpson dominance and the richness index, and there is a significant positive correlation between the available P and the Shanon-Wiener index and the richness index. (4) Hainan does not. The survey results of teak plantation in the same location showed that the species diversity index of the three sites showed: the shrub layer herbaceous layer, the soil physical properties of the three locations, the Sanya peak and the Five Fingers Group Mao Yang higher than the Sanya semi Ridge Reservoir, the exchangeable acid, the exchangeable Al, the salt base saturation, the exchangeable magnesium and the cation exchange amount. And the size of effective Fe is: Sanya peak Five Fingers Group Mao Yang Sanya semi Ridge Reservoir, full P, quick acting P, all N, the size of organic matter is: Sanya semi Ridge Reservoir Five Fingers Group Mao Yang Sanya peak, exchangeable calcium, upper level all K and lower effective Zn size: Five Fingers Group Mao Yangsan sub peak Sanya semi Ridge Reservoir; the main component analysis comprehensive score can There is a very significant negative correlation between the total P of the teak plantation in different regions and the species diversity index of herbaceous vegetation in different regions. The soil density, volume water content and quick acting P also have important indicators for the herbaceous species diversity index. (5) the understory vegetation of teak plantation in different provinces. It is found that 59 species of vegetation in Jieyang teak forest in Jieyang, Guangdong, belong to 55 genera of 39 families, 66 species belonging to 39 families and 62 genera in Yunnan estuary, and 65 species in Mengla, Yunnan, belonging to 42 families and 63 genera, and 87 plants in Hainan, belonging to 38 families, and plantation like dicotyledonous plants dominated by vegetation. Status, chrysanthemum, iron awl skip, citrus grass, vines atrazine, rice dump, spiny hedgerow, pomegranate and pomegranate are indicative plants for teak growth, and the vegetation of canelwood, charcoal, Kolon, Southern China and Lingnan mountain is the better indicator plant for teak growth, and the subvegetation of teak woodwork has a strong tropical flora characteristic. The total soil P of the regional teak plantation has a very significant negative correlation with the species diversity index of herbaceous vegetation, and the soil density, volume water content and quick acting P also have an important indicator for the herbaceous species diversity index.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S718.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 張慧;孫棟元;;不同林齡日本落葉松人工林對(duì)凋落物與土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響[J];中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2016年01期

2 李運(yùn)興;明安剛;王亞南;陳海生;覃福龍;陳茂日;;除雜灌和松土撫育措施對(duì)柚木及其林下植被的影響[J];中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2015年34期

3 范少輝;趙建誠;蘇文會(huì);余林;嚴(yán)彥;;不同密度毛竹林土壤質(zhì)量綜合評(píng)價(jià)[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);2015年10期

4 黃桂華;梁坤南;周再知;馬華明;杜健;;柚木無性系苗期抗寒生理評(píng)價(jià)與選擇[J];東北林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2015年09期

5 盧妮妮;高志雄;張鵬;徐雪蕾;王新杰;;杉木純林土壤性質(zhì)與林下植被的通徑分析[J];東北林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2015年07期

6 何應(yīng)會(huì);曾佩玲;韋鑠星;林建勇;黃惠章;;珍貴樹種多樹種混交林的凋落物現(xiàn)存量及持水性能[J];南方農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

7 楊京彪;郭濼;周螢;薛達(dá)元;;坡位對(duì)紅松闊葉林物種多樣性的影響[J];東北林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2015年01期

8 趙芳;歐陽勛志;;飛播馬尾松林林下植被蓋度與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2015年04期

9 A.Arivin Rivaie;;The effects of understory vegetation on P availability in Pinus radiata forest stands: A review[J];Journal of Forestry Research;2014年03期

10 王岳;王海燕;李旭;楊曉娟;劉玲;李衛(wèi)松;;不同密度下近天然落葉松云冷杉林各土層土壤理化特征[J];草業(yè)科學(xué);2014年08期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 茹豪;晉西黃土區(qū)典型林地水文特征及功能分析[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

2 周再知;酸性土壤柚木鈣素營養(yǎng)研究[D];中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院;2009年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 梁坤南;柚木無性系促萌與采穗圃營建技術(shù)[D];中國林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院;2007年

，

本文編號(hào)：1901863