本文選題：長白山天然林區(qū) + 鼠害��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：長白山天然林區(qū)是我國東北林區(qū)重要的紅松種源基地。近年來當(dāng)?shù)厥蠛?yán)重威脅紅松、椴樹、假色槭等重要經(jīng)濟(jì)林木的生長,迫切需要科學(xué)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)厥蠛Πl(fā)生機(jī)理研究,并研制一套系統(tǒng)的鼠害治理技術(shù)規(guī)范。2015~2016年春季(4-6月份)至秋季(9-10月份),在吉林省長白山國家級自然保護(hù)區(qū),依據(jù)林型設(shè)置闊葉林、針闊混交、針葉林、暗針葉林和岳樺林等五種監(jiān)測樣地。采取抽取樣方法調(diào)查了不同海拔林型危害的樹種和部位,通過設(shè)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣方,對長白山天然林鼠類組成與種群密度進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,且在危害林型采集了具有代表性的林木樹皮,從營養(yǎng)學(xué)角度探討了害鼠對林木的危害機(jī)制,并比較了籠捕法和陷阱法對林區(qū)害鼠的捕獲效果,并開展了林區(qū)害鼠防治技術(shù)研究。論文的主要結(jié)果如下:1)長白山天然林區(qū)鼠類對林木的危害調(diào)查。2015~2016年抽取樣方調(diào)查長白山天然林鼠害,調(diào)查結(jié)果:(1)長白山天然林鼠害發(fā)生在針闊混交林(63.5株/hm2,兩年均值),其它林型未有鼠害,發(fā)生時(shí)間上集中在冬季下雪后至次年早春雪融化前時(shí)期;(2)鼠類危害的經(jīng)濟(jì)林木主要有椴樹(Tilia tuan)、假色槭(Acer pseudosieboldianum)以及紅松(Pinus koraiensis)等。危害的林木部位集中在基部和地面裸露根部;(3)危害程度上,基部危害(11690.495 cm2/hm2,兩年均值)大于根部(6088.82 cm2/hm2,兩年均值),其中紅松基部椴樹基部假色槭基部,紅松根部椴樹根部假色槭根部。2)長白山天然林區(qū)鼠類組成與種群數(shù)量調(diào)查。圍繞鼠害發(fā)生林型以及相鄰林型,抽取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣方展開鼠類調(diào)查。結(jié)果:(1)兩年共捕獲鼠類104只,其中棕背?(Myodes rufocanus)48.08%,大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)28.85%,紅背?(M.rutilus)19.23%,花鼠(Eutamias sibiricus)3.85%;(2)時(shí)間和空間上捕獲量變化較大。2015年捕獲量為2016年的4.2倍。整體上看,針闊混交林針葉林闊葉林;(3)結(jié)合危害情況,2015年在針闊混交林鼠類捕獲量是2016年的9倍,危害程度與捕獲量顯著相關(guān)。3)長白山天然林區(qū)害鼠對林木危害的機(jī)制。通過2015年秋季至2016年春季鼠類去除實(shí)驗(yàn)控制,結(jié)合室內(nèi)飼喂實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果:(1)對照組林木危害率為3.87%,?移除為0.66%,全部移除組為0.00%,其中?移除組林木危害率比對照組降低了87.21%,全部移除組降低了100%;(2)棕背?和紅背?是針闊混交林區(qū)的主要害鼠。(3)林木相對危害程度與樹皮中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的能量值不相關(guān)。4)長白山天然林區(qū)害鼠防治技術(shù)研究。2015年在危害林型(針闊混交林),采用籠捕(7*7=49)和陷阱(3*3=9)分別對害鼠進(jìn)行調(diào)查,檢驗(yàn)2種方法對捕獲害鼠(特別是?類)的效率。結(jié)果表明:(1)籠捕法捕獲鼠類3種共37只,其中棕背?51.35%、大林姬鼠29.73%、紅背?18.92%;(2)陷阱技術(shù)捕獲鼠類3種共106只,其中棕背?93.40%、大林姬鼠5.66%、紅背?0.94%;(3)春季鼠類數(shù)量多時(shí),陷阱技術(shù)對?類捕獲率(113.58%)是籠捕法(21.43%)的5.3倍。秋季數(shù)量少,陷阱技術(shù)?類捕獲率(9.87%)是籠捕法(5.10%)的1.9倍。通過2015~2016年的調(diào)查表明,長白山天然林鼠害主要發(fā)生在針闊混交林,發(fā)生時(shí)間是冬季下雪后至次年春季雪融化前時(shí)期;危害樹種集中在椴樹、假色槭以及紅松等重要經(jīng)濟(jì)林木,危害部位主要在樹體基部和地面裸露根部;棕背?、大林姬鼠和紅背?為主要捕獲鼠種,且棕背?和紅背?為主要害鼠;林木相對危害程度與樹皮中營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)能量無關(guān);陷阱技術(shù)對長白山天然林區(qū)害鼠捕獲率高于籠捕法。
[Abstract]:Changbai Mountain natural forest area is an important source base of Pinus koraiensis in the northeast forest area of China. In recent years, local rodent damage has seriously threatened the growth of important economic trees such as red pine, linden, and false color maple. It is urgent to study the mechanism of rodent damage, and develop a set of systematic rules for the treatment of rodent damage in the spring (4-6 months) to autumn (9) (4-6). -10 month), in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve of Jilin Province, five kinds of monitoring plots were set up based on forest type, broad leaved forest, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, dark coniferous forest and birch forest. The species and parts of different forest types at different altitudes were investigated by sampling method. By setting standard sample, the composition and population density of the natural forest rodent in Changbai Mountain The degree was investigated, and the representative forest tree bark was collected in the harmful forest type. The harm mechanism of the rodent to the trees was discussed from the point of the dietetics, and the capture effect of the cage trap method and trap method on the rodent pest in the forest area was compared. The main results of the paper were as follows: 1) the rodent in Changbai Mountain natural forest area Investigation on the harm of forest trees in.2015~2016, the results of the survey of Changbai Mountain natural forest rodent damage were taken. The results were as follows: (1) the natural forest rodent in Changbai Mountain occurred in the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (63.5 plants, two years mean), the other forest type had no rodent damage, and the time was concentrated in the period of winter after snow to the following year before the early spring snow melted, and (2) the economic forest endangering by rodents. Mainly Linden (Tilia Tuan), false color maple (Acer pseudosieboldianum) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis). The harmful forest sites are concentrated in the base and ground bare roots; (3) the harm degree, the harm of the base part (11690.495 cm2/hm2, two years mean) is greater than the root (6088.82 cm2/hm2, two years mean), of which the base of the baslen is false color maple. The base, the root of the red pine root of the linden root of the root of the baslen.2) a survey on the composition and population of the rodent in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain. Around the forest type and the adjacent forest type, the rodent was investigated. Results: (1) a total of 104 rats were captured in two years, of which brown back (Myodes rufocanus) 48.08%, and Dalin Apodemus (Apodemus peninsulae) 28.85% Red back (M.rutilus) 19.23%, (Eutamias sibiricus) 3.85%; (2) 4.2 times the amount of capture in time and space, and 4.2 times of the year in 2016. On the whole, the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest needle Yelin Quaerin; (3) combined with the harm situation, in 2015, the capture amount of the rodent in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was 9 times in 2016. .3) the mechanism of the harm to the forest trees in Changbai Mountain natural forest area. Through the experimental control of rodent removal in the autumn of 2015 to 2016, combined with the laboratory feeding experiment, the results were as follows: (1) the forest damage rate of the control group was 3.87%, the removal was 0.66%, the total removal group was 0%, and the damage rate of the trees in the removal group was 87.21% lower than the control group, all removed from the control group and all removed. The group was reduced by 100%; (2) brown back and red back? The main rodent in the mixed forest area. (3) the relative harm degree of the trees and the energy value of the nutrients in the bark of the trees was not related to.4) the study on the prevention and control of the mice in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain. In the year.2015, the harmful forest type (7*7=49) and the trap (3*3=9) were used to investigate the rats, respectively. Test the efficiency of 2 methods to capture rodent (especially?). The results showed that: (1) 3 species of rodent were captured by cage capture, of which brown back? 51.35%, 29.73% Dalin, red back? 18.92%; (2) trap 3 species of rats in 106, of which brown back 93.40%, Dalin Apodemus 5.66%, red back? 0.94%; (3) spring rodent The capture rate (113.58%) is 5.3 times the cage capture method (21.43%). The fall number is less, the trap technique is 1.9 times as much as the cage capture method (5.10%). Through the survey of 2015~2016 years, it is shown that the natural forest rodent damage in Changbai Mountain mainly occurs in the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest, the occurrence time is in the winter after snow to the following spring snow melting period, and the endangered tree species concentrated in the period. The main economic trees of Linden, sham maple and Pinus koraiensis are mainly in the base and bare roots of the tree body. Brown back, Dalin and red back are the main capture mice, and the brown back and red back are the main rodents; the relative harm of the trees is not related to the nutrient energy in the bark of the trees; the trap technology is caught in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain. The rate of acquisition is higher than that of cage capture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S764.5

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 辛有俊;海北州草地?zé)o地面鼠害達(dá)標(biāo)通過驗(yàn)收[J];青海草業(yè);2000年02期

2 曾永君;;淺談新疆草原“無鼠害示范區(qū)”項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的做法和成效[J];新疆畜牧業(yè);2008年03期

3 羅新義,王德;澳大利亞的鼠害防治[J];黑龍江畜牧科技;1998年04期

4 陳杰來;農(nóng)業(yè)鼠害防治時(shí)機(jī)的選擇[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè);1999年11期

5 周立志,李迪強(qiáng),王秀磊,馬強(qiáng);三江源自然保護(hù)區(qū)鼠害類型、現(xiàn)狀和防治策略[J];安徽大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2002年02期

6 楊愛蓮;海北州治理鼠害牧民增收效益好[J];草業(yè)科學(xué);2002年06期

7 趙豐鈺,馮俊義;青藏高原退耕還林(草)地鼠害防治技術(shù)研究[J];中國森林病蟲;2003年05期

8 馮俊義,韓英,巨海蘭,雷曉水,張玉梅;造林種草鼠害防治技術(shù)研究[J];青海農(nóng)林科技;2003年S1期

9 于繼洲;果園鼠害防治方法[J];植物醫(yī)生;2004年06期

10 張知彬;加強(qiáng)草原鼠害防治工作的對策[J];中國減災(zāi);2004年02期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 王海;蔡佩云;侯秀敏;;青海省草原無鼠害示范區(qū)建設(shè)[A];我國2003年草原病蟲鼠害發(fā)生與防治情況以及2004年發(fā)生趨勢預(yù)測與防治對策研討會(huì)論文集[C];2004年

2 石瑞香;辛?xí)云?唐華俊;;淺析近年來內(nèi)蒙古草地蟲鼠害的發(fā)生與防治[A];中國草業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略——中國草業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略論壇論文集[C];2004年

3 石瑞香;辛?xí)云?唐華俊;;淺析近年來內(nèi)蒙古草地蟲鼠害的發(fā)生與防治[A];中國草業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略論壇論文集[C];2004年

4 施大釗;郭永旺;;改革開放30年農(nóng)業(yè)鼠害治理的回顧[A];糧食安全與植�？萍紕�(chuàng)新[C];2009年

5 劉e，

本文編號(hào)：1881182