本文選題：氰蟲酰胺 + 煙蚜��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煙蚜(Myzus persicae)是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲,在全世界范圍內(nèi)嚴(yán)重危害多種作物,并給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。該蟲具有繁殖能力強、世代周期短等生物學(xué)特性,長期采用化學(xué)手段進(jìn)行防治,導(dǎo)致了突出的“3R”問題。因此,減少化學(xué)藥劑的使用量勢在必行。氰蟲酰胺(Cyantraniliprole)是一種最近被報道的對蚜蟲有很好防治效果的新藥,屬于第二代新型鄰氨基苯甲酰胺類殺蟲劑,具有內(nèi)吸性、無交互抗性等優(yōu)點。吡蟲啉(Imidacloprid)作為一種中國煙葉公司防治煙蚜的推薦化學(xué)藥劑,具有內(nèi)吸性強、低毒、不易產(chǎn)生抗性等優(yōu)點,其作用機制為昆蟲在接觸藥劑后中樞神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)受阻最終死亡。本文以煙蚜為研究對象,從取食行為、生化水平和種群水平研究了亞致死濃度氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜的影響,并探索了亞致死濃度氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜天敵煙蚜繭蜂的影響,以期為合理使用化學(xué)藥劑和協(xié)調(diào)化學(xué)防治與生物防治提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.測定了氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜雌成蟲的室內(nèi)毒力,得到了亞致死濃度。利用EPG技術(shù)探索了亞致死濃度氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜取食行為的影響。利用浸葉法測得氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉處理煙蚜48 h后的LC30分別為4.933 mg/L和0.541mg/L。利用EPG技術(shù)對煙蚜在亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉處理后的煙株上取食行為進(jìn)行了研究,連續(xù)記錄6 h的EPG波形表明,經(jīng)兩種亞致死濃度藥劑處理后,煙蚜能夠到達(dá)韌皮部進(jìn)行取食行為的比例降低,口針需要更長的刺探時間才能到達(dá)韌皮部進(jìn)行取食活動,且取食時間顯著減少。2.探索了亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜體內(nèi)乙酰膽堿酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-轉(zhuǎn)移酶和多功能氧化酶的影響。研究了供試藥劑亞致死濃度對煙蚜體內(nèi)主要酶系的影響。結(jié)果表明,亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺處理后,AChE比活力在24 h時顯著高于亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉處理和對照,其激活率達(dá)到最大值148.99%;亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉處理后,AChE比活力在48 h時達(dá)到最高,其激活率也達(dá)到最大值155.16%。亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺處理后,GST比活力在16 h時顯著高于亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉處理和對照,其激活率也達(dá)到最大值233.84%;亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉處理后GSTs比活力在48 h時達(dá)到最高,而其激活率在16 h時達(dá)到最大值78.89%。亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺處理后,MFO比活力在36 h時顯著高于亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉處理和對照,其激活率同樣達(dá)到最大值34.12%;亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉處理后,MFO比活力在處理后48 h達(dá)到最高,而其激活率卻在24 h時達(dá)到最大值87.69%。3.探索了亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜生命表參數(shù)的影響。利用兩性生命表技術(shù)研究了亞致死濃度氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜F1代種群水平的影響。結(jié)果表明,亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉處理后,F1代若蚜的發(fā)育歷期長于對照,F1代的繁殖力顯著高于對照。亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉處理后,雌蟲的壽命、預(yù)產(chǎn)仔期和總產(chǎn)仔期分別為0.70 d和5.95 d,都顯著長于氰蟲酰胺處理和對照。用亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺處理后,內(nèi)稟增長率和周限增長率分別為0.4542和1.5749,都顯著高于對照,而吡蟲啉處理后,分別為0.3878和1.4738,都顯著低于對照。亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺處理后,凈增殖率為50.75,顯著高于吡蟲啉處理(38.45)和對照(37.85)。亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺處理后平均世代歷期為8.65d,顯著低于吡蟲啉處理,但顯著高于清水對照。4.測定了亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜繭蜂的影響。通過室內(nèi)研究亞致死濃度的氰蟲酰胺和吡蟲啉對煙蚜繭蜂的一系列直接和間接影響,試驗結(jié)果表明,兩種藥劑對煙蚜繭蜂的寄生行為、生長發(fā)育都會產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響,而且吡蟲啉的影響比氰蟲酰胺的影響更大。
[Abstract]:Myzus persicae, an important agricultural pest, seriously endangering a variety of crops worldwide and causing serious economic losses to agricultural production. The insect has a strong reproductive capacity, short generation cycle and other biological characteristics. It has been controlled by chemical means for a long time, leading to a prominent "3R" problem. Therefore, reducing chemical agents The amount of use is imperative. Cyanamide (Cyantraniliprole) is a newly reported new drug that has a good control effect on aphids. It belongs to the second generation of new Aminobenzamide insecticides, which has the advantages of internal absorption and non interaction resistance. Imidacloprid (Imidacloprid) is used as a recommended chemical for the control of aphid in Chinese tobacco company. The agent has the advantages of strong internal absorbability, low toxicity, and not easy to produce resistance. Its mechanism is that the central nerve conduction of the insect is hindered eventually after the insect is exposed. In this paper, the effects of sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid to the aphid were studied from the feeding behavior, biochemical level and population level, and the sublethal effect was explored. The effects of the concentration of cyanamide and imidacloprid on the aphis Aphis persicae were expected to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of chemical agents and to coordinate chemical control and biological control. The main results were as follows: 1. the indoor toxicity of cyanamide and imidacloprid to the female adult aphid was measured and the sublethal concentration was obtained. The use of EPG technology was explored. The effects of sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid on the feeding behavior of aphid. The LC30 of cyanimamide and imidacloprid treated by imidacloprid treated aphid 48 h was 4.933 mg/L and 0.541mg/L., respectively, using EPG technology to study the feeding behavior of aphid on the sublethal concentration of cyanetamide and imidacloprid treated tobacco plants. The EPG waveform of recording 6 h showed that after two sublethal doses, the aphid could reach the phloem, the proportion of feeding behavior decreased, and the mouth needle needed longer spying time to reach the phloem for feeding activities, and the time of feeding reduced by.2. to explore the sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid in the body of aphid. The effect of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S- transferase and multifunction oxidase. The effect of sublethal concentration on the main enzymes in the body of aphid was studied. The results showed that the sublethal concentration of AChE was significantly higher than the sublethal imidacloprid treatment and control at 24 h, and the activation rate reached the most. Large value 148.99%; after treatment with sublethal imidacloprid, the AChE ratio reached the highest when the activity was 48 h, and its activation rate reached the maximum value of 155.16%. sublethal concentration of cyanacamide, and the activity of GST was significantly higher than that of sublethal imidacloprid treatment and control at 16 h, and its activation rate reached to the maximum value of 233.84%; sublethal concentration. After imidacloprid treatment, the GSTs specific activity reached the highest at 48 h, while the activation rate reached the maximum 78.89%. sublethal concentration of cyanacamide at 16 h, and MFO was significantly higher than the sublethal imidacloprid treatment and control when the activity was 36 h, and its activation rate reached the maximum value of 34.12%; after the sublethal imidacloprid treatment, MFO The activity was highest at 48 h after treatment, and the activation rate reached the maximum value at 24 h. The effect of sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid on the life table parameters of aphid was explored. The effects of sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid on the F1 generation level of aphid were studied by the amphoteric life table technique. The results showed that the effect of the sublethal concentration of cyanamidamide and imidacloprid on the level of the aphid population of aphid After treatment with sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid, the developmental duration of the F1 generation aphids was longer than that of the control, and the fecundity of the F1 generation was significantly higher than that of the control. After the treatment of sublethal imidacloprid, the life span of the female was 0.70 D and 5.95 D, respectively, which were significantly longer than the cyanamide treatment and control. After treatment, the intrinsic growth rate and the circumferential growth rate were 0.4542 and 1.5749, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control, while imidacloprid treatment was 0.3878 and 1.4738, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control. The net proliferation rate of the sublethal concentration of cyanamide was 50.75, significantly higher than the imidacloprid treatment (38.45) and the control (37.85). The average generation period after treatment with cyanamide was 8.65d, significantly lower than imidacloprid treatment, but the effect of sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid to aphid wasps was significantly higher than that of the water control.4.. A series of direct and indirect effects of sublethal concentration of cyanacamide and imidacloprid on Aphis Aphis were tested indoors. The results showed that the two insecticides had a negative effect on the parasitic behavior and growth of the aphis, and the effect of imidacloprid was greater than that of cyanamide.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S433.39;S482.3

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