本文選題：森林景觀 + 網(wǎng)絡(luò)��； 參考：《中南林業(yè)科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：復雜生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是從系統(tǒng)角度,結(jié)合復雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),進行生態(tài)學現(xiàn)象研究的有效方法。項目組在之前的研究中,構(gòu)建了無權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò),對森林景觀斑塊是否連接做了定性描述,但在實際的森林景觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,不同森林景觀斑塊間不停的進行物質(zhì)、能量和信息的流動,斑塊間存在著或強或弱的耦合作用,且斑塊間的耦合作用強度對森林景觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的性質(zhì)有重要影響。本文強調(diào)森林景觀斑塊間的耦合作用,構(gòu)建加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò),更真實客觀的抽象了復雜的森林景觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。本文以西洞庭湖區(qū)為研究對象,對該區(qū)域的森林景觀類型進行分類,基于物種多樣性和土壤肥力對斑塊間的耦合作用進行研究,以景觀斑塊為節(jié)點,斑塊間的耦合作用為邊權(quán),構(gòu)建加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò),并對加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)進行簡要的分析和對比。主要研究內(nèi)容和研究結(jié)論如下:(1)基于物種多樣性的斑塊間耦合作用研究。本文對不同森林景觀斑塊內(nèi)物種多樣性水平進行分析,采用熵權(quán)法和綜合評價法計算物種多樣性綜合指數(shù),全面量化了不同森林景觀林下物種多樣性水平,并對不同森林景觀斑塊間的耦合作用進行分析,結(jié)果表明:闊葉林與竹林間耦合作用最強,闊葉林與松木幼齡林間耦合作用最弱;從森林景觀類型分析,闊葉林與其它森林景觀斑塊間的耦合作用具有闊竹闊灌闊松闊杉的規(guī)律;從不同齡組進行分析,在杉木和松木林中,森林景觀斑塊間耦合作用強度具有幼齡林與成熟林斑塊間的耦合作用大于幼齡林與中齡林斑塊間的耦合作用的規(guī)律,中齡林與成熟林間的耦合作用較小。(2)基于土壤肥力質(zhì)量的斑塊間耦合作用研究。本文對土壤的理化性質(zhì)進行分析,采用主成分分析法計算不同森林景觀內(nèi)的土壤肥力質(zhì)量指數(shù),并對其耦合作用進行分析,結(jié)果表明:闊葉林與竹林間的耦合作用最強,杉木幼齡林與杉木中齡林間的耦合作用最弱;杉木與松木間的耦合作用在0-0.2之間,闊葉與其它森林景觀斑塊間的耦合作用在0.2-0.4范圍內(nèi),竹林與其它森林景觀斑塊類型間的耦合作用在0.4-1.0范圍內(nèi),林分類型是基于土壤肥力的森林景觀斑塊間的耦合作用大小的主要影響因子。(3)提出了以斑塊間耦合作用為邊權(quán),構(gòu)建加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一種方法。本文選取15個森林景觀斑塊耦合體,以斑塊為節(jié)點,分別以基于物種多樣性和土壤肥力的斑塊間耦合作用為邊權(quán),構(gòu)建出30個加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)。(4)對本文所構(gòu)建的加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)進行研究并對比分析,結(jié)果表明:加權(quán)和無權(quán)的森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)的節(jié)點度分布符合冪律分布,具有無標度特性。基于物種多樣性和土壤肥力質(zhì)量構(gòu)成的加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)均具有小世界特性,且小世界特性與網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模成正比;無權(quán)的森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)的小世界特性不具有普適性;加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)比無權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)小世界特性更顯著,所以加權(quán)森林景觀斑塊耦合網(wǎng)絡(luò)能更好的體現(xiàn)森林景觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)物種、能量和信息的傳播能力。
[Abstract]:Complex ecological network is an effective method to study ecological phenomena from the perspective of system, combined with complex network technology. In the previous study, the project group constructed the unauthorized forest landscape patch coupling network, and made a qualitative description of the connection of forest landscape patches, but in the actual forest landscape ecosystem, different forest landscape spots. There is a strong or weak coupling between the patches, and the coupling action between patches has an important influence on the nature of the forest landscape ecosystem. This paper emphasizes the coupling effect of the forest landscape patches, and constructs a weighted forest landscape patch coupling network, which is more realistic and objective. Like the complex forest landscape ecosystem, this paper takes the West Dongting Lake area as the research object, classifies the forest landscape types in this area, studies the coupling effect between the patches based on the species diversity and soil fertility, takes the landscape patch as the node, and the coupling action between the patches is the edge weight, and constructs the weighted forest landscape patch coupling. The network, and a brief analysis and comparison of the topology structure of the weighted forest landscape patch coupling network and the unauthorized network. The main research contents and research conclusions are as follows: (1) the study on the coupling interaction between patches based on species diversity. This paper analyses the species diversity in different forest landscape patches, uses entropy weight method and synthesis. The evaluation method calculated the diversity index of species diversity, comprehensively quantified the diversity of species diversity under different forest landscape, and analyzed the coupling effect of different forest landscape patches. The results showed that the coupling effect between broadleaf forest and bamboo forest was the strongest, and the coupling effect between broadleaf forest and young pine trees was the weakest; from forest landscape type, the forest landscape type was broadened. The coupling effect of leaf forest and other forest landscape patches has the law of broadleaved broadleaved latissimus latissimus. Analysis from different age groups, in Chinese fir and pine forest, the coupling effect between forest landscape patches has greater coupling effect between young and mature forest patches than between young and middle age forest patches. The coupling effect between the aged forest and the mature forest is small. (2) the coupling effect of soil fertility based on the soil fertility quality. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are analyzed. The principal component analysis method is used to calculate the soil fertility quality index in different forest landscapes, and the coupling effect of the soil is analyzed. The results show that the coupling between the broadleaf forest and the bamboo forest is coupled. The coupling effect between the young Chinese fir forest and the middle age forest of Chinese fir is the weakest; the coupling effect between the Chinese fir and the pine trees is between 0-0.2, the coupling interaction between broadleaf and other forest landscape patches is within the range of 0.2-0.4. The coupling of bamboo forest and other forest landscape patch types is within the range of 0.4-1.0, and the forest type is based on the soil. The main influence factor of the coupling effect between the fertile forest landscape patches. (3) a method is proposed to construct a weighted forest landscape patch coupling network with the coupling action between patches. In this paper, 15 forest landscape patch coupling is selected to distinguish patches based on patches based on species diversity and soil fertility. 30 weighted forest landscape patch coupling networks are constructed by the coupling action. (4) the topological structure of the weighted forest landscape patch coupling network and the unauthorized forest landscape patch coupling network constructed in this paper is studied and compared. The results show that the node degree distribution of the weighted and unweighted forest landscape patch coupling network is based on the results. The weighted forest landscape patch coupling network based on species diversity and soil fertility quality has small world characteristics, and the small world characteristics are proportional to the network size; the small world specificity of the unweighted forest landscape patch coupling network is not universal; weighted forest landscape patch coupling The network is more prominent than the small world of the unauthorized forest landscape patch coupling network, so the weighted forest landscape patch coupling network can better reflect the species, energy and information transmission ability in the forest landscape ecosystem.

【學位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S757
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本文編號：1848816