本文選題：巨大芽孢桿菌 + 雜交鱘��； 參考：《上海海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究旨在探討植物蛋白質(zhì)飼料基礎(chǔ)上添加不同水平的巨大芽孢桿菌對(duì)雜交鱘(Acipenser schrenckii♀×Acipenser baeri♂)幼魚生長(zhǎng)、免疫的影響。以魚粉(FM)組和大豆?jié)饪s蛋白(PM)組為對(duì)照組,試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組分別在PM組基礎(chǔ)上添加106 cfu/g市售枯草芽孢桿菌和105、106、107 cfu/g本實(shí)驗(yàn)室篩選鑒定的巨大芽孢桿菌。馴養(yǎng)結(jié)束后選取750尾平均體重為(12.87±0.65)g的雜交鱘幼魚,隨機(jī)分成6組,每組設(shè)置5個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)25尾魚。試驗(yàn)期間保持自然光照,水溫控制在21±0.5℃,溶氧大于5mg/L。每天人工分別在7:00、12:00、17:00飽食投喂3次,并記錄投喂量,定期檢測(cè)水質(zhì),換水、消毒,確保水質(zhì)良好。試驗(yàn)養(yǎng)殖周期為8周。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:(1)FM組終末重和增重率顯著高于其他各組(P0.05),且試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組顯著高于PM組(P0.05);FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組飼料系數(shù)顯著低于其他各組,且試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組顯著低于PM組(P0.05);FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組蛋白質(zhì)效率顯著高于其他各組,且試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組顯著高于PM組(P0.05);飼料中巨大芽孢桿菌對(duì)魚體肥滿度、干物質(zhì)、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和粗灰分無顯著影響(P0.05)。(2)FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ組血清和肝臟的溶菌酶(LSZ)含量、堿性磷酸酶(AKP)活性顯著高于PM組(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅲ組血清髓過氧化物酶(MPO)活性顯著高于PM組(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組肝臟MPO活性顯著高于PM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅳ組(P0.05);FM組和各試驗(yàn)組嗜水氣單胞菌攻毒試驗(yàn)的死亡率均低于PM組。(3)FM組及試驗(yàn)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血清球蛋白(GLB)、總蛋白(TP)含量顯著高于PM組(P0.05);FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組血清尿酸(UA)含量顯著低于PM組(P0.05);FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組血清谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)活性顯著低于PM組(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ組血清谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)活性顯著低于PM組(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組血糖(Glu)含量顯著低于PM組(P0.05)。(4)試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組血清、肝臟和十二指腸總抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗超氧陰離子自由基(ASAFR)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量顯著高于PM組(P0.05),試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組血清過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性顯著高于PM組(P0.05),試驗(yàn)Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血清和肝臟黃嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性顯著低于PM組(P0.05),試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ組幽門盲囊GSH含量、T-AOC活性和SOD活性顯著高于PM組(P0.05),且與FM組相比差異均不顯著(P0.05)。(5)試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ組胃、腸道的蛋白酶活性顯著高于PM組(P0.05);FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組胃、幽門盲囊、腸道的淀粉酶活性顯著高于PM組(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組胃淀粉酶活性顯著高于其它各組(P0.05);FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組胃、幽門盲囊、腸道的脂肪酶活性顯著高于PM組(P0.05)。(6)試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ組脾臟NF-kB、HSP90和HSP70基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著高于PM組和FM組(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅱ組腸道NF-k B、HSP70、MyD88和HSP90基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著高于PM組(P0.05)。(7)FM組和試驗(yàn)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組十二指腸絨毛高度、肌層厚度顯著高于PM組(P0.05);試驗(yàn)Ⅱ、Ⅲ組十二指腸褶皺深度顯著高于PM組(P0.05);FM組及試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ組瓣腸絨毛高度、褶皺深度和肌層厚度顯著高于PM組(P0.05)。(8)試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組和Ⅲ組Ace值高于其他各組;試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組Chao值和Shannon值高于其他各組;試驗(yàn)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組Simpson值均高于PM組。在門類學(xué)水平上,梭桿菌門(Fusobacteria)和厚壁菌門(Firmicutes)是雜交鱘幼魚腸道內(nèi)含物菌落中最主要的菌門;隨著巨大芽孢桿菌添加量的增加,厚壁菌門的相對(duì)豐度逐漸升高,梭桿菌門和變形菌門(Proteobacteria)的相對(duì)豐度逐漸降低。綜合以上結(jié)果:在植物蛋白質(zhì)飼料中添加巨大芽孢桿菌可以提高雜交鱘幼魚增重率和蛋白質(zhì)效率,提高消化酶活性,改善腸道形態(tài),調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu);還可以提高魚體抗氧化能力,非特異性免疫能力及免疫相關(guān)基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量;添加105 cfu/g巨大芽孢桿菌對(duì)雜交鱘幼魚影響效果較好。
[Abstract]:The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different levels of Bacillus megigantoin on the growth and immunity of the hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii Acipenser baeri baeri), with fish meal (FM) group and soybean protein concentrate (PM) group as the control group. The experiment I, II, III and IV group added 106 cfu/g city on the basis of PM group, respectively. Bacillus subtilis and 105106107 cfu/g laboratory screened Bacillus giant bacillus. After the end of domestication, the hybrid sturgeon young with 750 tails (12.87 + 0.65) g was randomly divided into 6 groups, each set 5 repetitions, each repeated 25 fish. During the test, the natural light was kept, the water temperature was controlled at 21 + 0.5 C, and the dissolved oxygen was greater than 5mg/L. Every day, 3 times were fed on 7:00,12:00,17:00, and the feeding amount was recorded, the water quality was detected regularly, water changed, and the water quality was good. The experimental breeding period was 8 weeks. The results of the test were as follows: (1) the end weight and weight gain rate of group FM were significantly higher than that of other groups (P0.05), and the test group II was significantly higher than that of group PM (P0.05); group FM and experimental group II feed The coefficient of the experimental group I was significantly lower than that of the PM group (P0.05), and the protein efficiency of the FM group and the test group was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and the test group I was significantly higher than that of the PM group (P0.05). There was no significant effect of Bacillus giant Bacillus on fish body fullness, dry matter, fat, crude protein and crude ash (P0.05). (2) FM group and test In group I, the content of serum and liver lysozyme (LSZ) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity were significantly higher than that of group PM (P0.05), and the activity of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) in group III was significantly higher than that in group PM (P0.05), and the activity of MPO in group II was significantly higher than that in group PM and group IV (P0.05), and the death of Aeromonas hydrophila in FM group and test group was dead. The rate of death was lower than that of the PM group. (3) the content of serum globulin (GLB) and total protein (TP) in group FM and group IV was significantly higher than that in the PM group (P0.05); the serum uric acid (UA) content in the FM group and test group II was significantly lower than that in the PM group (P0.05), and the activity of seropropane (ALT) in the FM and test group was significantly lower than that in the group (P0.05). The activity of enzyme (AST) was significantly lower than that in group PM (P0.05); the content of blood glucose (Glu) in group III was significantly lower than that in group PM (P0.05). (4) the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), anti superoxide anion free radical (ASAFR) activity and glutathione (GSH) content of the liver and duodenum, and the content of glutathione (GSH) were significantly higher than that of PM group (P0.05). The activity of catalase (CAT) was significantly higher than that in group PM (P0.05). The activity of serum and liver xanthine oxidase (XOD) in group IV and liver was significantly lower than that in PM group (P0.05). The GSH content of the pyloric caeca in group I, II, and group III was significantly higher than that of the PM group (P0.05). (5) test I, group II stomach and intestinal tract (5) The activity of protease was significantly higher than that of the PM group (P0.05); the activity of amylase in gastric, pyloric caecum and intestinal tract was significantly higher in group FM and test group III than in group PM (P0.05); the activity of gastric amylase in group II was significantly higher than that in other groups (P0.05); the activity of lipase in gastric, pyloric caecum and intestinal tract in group FM and test II group was significantly higher than that in group PM (P0.05). (6) test I, group II spleen The relative expression of NF-kB, HSP90 and HSP70 genes was significantly higher than that in group PM and FM (P0.05). The relative expression of NF-k B, HSP70, MyD88 and HSP90 genes in the intestinal tract was significantly higher than that in the PM group. (7) the height of the duodenal villus and the thickness of the muscular layer were significantly higher than that in the group and test group and test II, III and IV group. Significantly higher than group PM (P0.05), group FM and test I, group II, the height of intestinal villus, fold depth and muscularis thickness were significantly higher than group PM (P0.05). (8) the test I group and group III Ace value is higher than the other groups; test I group Chao value and Shannon value are higher than the other groups; test II, III, IV group Simpson values are higher than the PM group. At the level of the Clostridium, Clostridium Fusobacteria and Firmicutes are the most important bacteria in the intestinal bacterial colonies of the hybrid sturgeon. With the increase of Bacillus megaciformis, the relative abundance of the thick wall fungus increases gradually, and the phase of the Clostridium and deformable bacteria gate (Proteobacteria) decreases gradually. The addition of Bacillus giant Bacillus could increase the weight gain and protein efficiency of the young sturgeon, improve the digestive enzyme activity, improve the intestinal morphology, regulate the intestinal flora structure, and improve the antioxidant capacity of the fish body, the non specific immunity and the relative expression of the immune related genes, and add 105 cfu/g Bacillus megigantobacilli to the hybrid sturgeon. The effect of fish is better.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S965.215

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