本文選題：川中丘陵區(qū) + 農(nóng)林復(fù)合模式�。� 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在全球變暖的背景下,陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)對大氣CO2濃度變化起著舉足輕重的作用,有關(guān)陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤碳作用的研究越來越深入和細(xì)化。在丘陵地區(qū),農(nóng)林復(fù)合模式是實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食生產(chǎn)、保護(hù)環(huán)境、解決資源短缺和農(nóng)林用地矛盾的重要方法。本實(shí)驗(yàn)以川中丘陵區(qū)幾種核桃-藥材復(fù)合模式為研究對象,探討核桃-藥材復(fù)合系統(tǒng)土壤呼吸的動態(tài)變化規(guī)律及其對溫度和濕度的響應(yīng)。為明確川中丘陵地區(qū)農(nóng)林復(fù)合模式下土壤碳排放特征,深入評價農(nóng)林復(fù)合系統(tǒng)生態(tài)效益提供理論依據(jù)；豐富不同土地利用方式對土壤呼吸的影響及其對陸地碳循環(huán)和碳平衡研究理論。從2014年1月開始,采用Li-8100 (Li-Cor inc .USA)對川中丘陵區(qū)4種農(nóng)林復(fù)合模式的土壤呼吸進(jìn)行定點(diǎn)觀測,到2014年12月結(jié)束。4種模式分別為處理1(C)：核桃-川明參,處理2(J)：核桃-桔梗、處理3(H)：核桃-藿香以及對照處理(CK)：核桃純林。研究不同模式土壤呼吸與土壤溫度和濕度的變化關(guān)系；不同季節(jié)土壤呼吸24h晝夜動態(tài)；土壤三種水解酶(脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶)活性,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮以及有機(jī)質(zhì)含量與土壤呼吸的關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明：川中丘陵區(qū)核桃-藥材復(fù)合模式土壤年內(nèi)碳排放量約為7.39 t·a-1·hm-2,對照較復(fù)合處理土壤碳排放量高,但差異不顯著。川中丘陵區(qū)核桃-藥材復(fù)合模式各處理土壤呼吸月動態(tài)變化呈先增后減趨勢,核桃-川明參復(fù)合模式最大值出現(xiàn)在6月下旬,為3.49μmol·m-2·s-1;對照、核桃-桔梗和核桃-藿香處理土壤呼吸峰值出現(xiàn)在7月,分別為3.83μmol·m-2·s-1、 4.07μmol·m-2·s-1、 3.86 μmol·m-2·s-1。各處理低值都出現(xiàn)在1月,按(CK、C、J、H)順序分別為：0.36 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.48μmol·m-2·s-1、0.57 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.32μmol·m-2·s-1。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),土壤呼吸與15 cm處土壤溫度呈極顯著指數(shù)增長關(guān)系,幾種復(fù)合模式在不同月份的土壤呼吸變化幅度存在差異可能是因3種藥材不同的物候期所致。川中丘陵區(qū)幾種核桃-藥材復(fù)合模式各處理土壤呼吸Q10值在四季中表現(xiàn)為夏低冬高,最大Q10值為4.02,最小值為1.38,最大值約是最小值的3倍,且兩者出現(xiàn)在對照處理中。核桃-藥材復(fù)合種植降低了土壤呼吸對溫度的敏感性,可能是藥材植物根系直接或間接地緩沖了溫度變化對土壤呼吸的直接影響。脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性從春季到冬季總體上呈先增后減趨勢,三種酶活性在夏季最高,冬季最低；三種酶活性的最大值分別為0.0028 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.0082 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.02 μmol·g-1·h-1;最小值分別為0.0005 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.0003 μmol·g-1·h-1、0.0025 μmol·g-1·h-1。通過重復(fù)測量方差分析發(fā)現(xiàn),脲酶和蔗糖酶處理間效應(yīng)不顯著,但季節(jié)效應(yīng)、季節(jié)和處理間交互效應(yīng)極顯著；酸性磷酸酶活性處理間效應(yīng)顯著,且季節(jié)效應(yīng)、季節(jié)和處理問交互效應(yīng)極顯著。土壤呼吸與土壤常見三種水解酶活性極顯著相關(guān)；不同的核桃-藥材復(fù)合模式對土壤三種水解酶活性無顯著影響。在2014年4季中,只有冬季土壤微生物生物量碳含量極顯著低于春夏秋三季；而各處理與對照土壤微生物生物量氮含量差異也不顯著,夏季含量極顯著高于其它三季。土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量與土壤呼吸呈指數(shù)增長關(guān)系,而有機(jī)質(zhì)含量與土壤呼吸互為倒數(shù)關(guān)系,可能與研究區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量較低有關(guān)。對比川中丘陵區(qū)核桃純林與核桃-藥材復(fù)合模式發(fā)現(xiàn),核桃-藥材復(fù)合模式對降低土壤碳排放有一定作用,但明確不同土地利用形式下土壤碳在大氣碳循環(huán)中扮演的角色,還需開展更加全面和深入的量化研究。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global warming, the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem plays an important role in the change of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The study of soil carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is becoming more and more in-depth and refined. In hilly areas, the agroforestry model is important for the realization of grain production, protection of the environment, the solution of the shortage of resources and the contradiction between agricultural and forestry land. Methods. In this experiment, the dynamic change law of soil respiration and the response to the temperature and humidity in the walnut herb compound system were studied in the hilly region of the hilly region of Sichuan Province. The characteristics of soil carbon emission under the agroforestry model in the hilly region of the hilly region of Sichuan Province and the ecological benefits of the agroforestry system were provided. The effect of different land use patterns on soil respiration and the theory of carbon cycle and carbon balance of land were enriched. From January 2014, Li-8100 (Li-Cor Inc.USA) was used to observe the soil respiration of 4 agroforestry models in the hilly region of central Sichuan Province. By the end of December 2014, the.4 models were treated as 1 (C), respectively. Walnut - Chuan Ming ginseng, treatment 2 (J): walnut - Platycodon, treatment 3 (H): walnut - patchouli and control treatment (CK): pure walnut forest. Study the relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature and humidity in different models; soil respiration 24h day and night dynamics in different seasons; soil three kinds of water hydrolysate (urease, invertase and phosphatase), soil microbial biomass The relationship between carbon, nitrogen and organic matter content and soil respiration was measured. The results showed that the annual carbon emission of the soil in the hilly region of Sichuan was about 7.39 t. A-1 hm-2. Compared with the compound treatment, the soil carbon emissions were higher, but the difference was not significant. The variation of the state changes first and then decrease. The maximum value of walnut Sichuan Ming ginseng composite model appeared in late June, 3.49 mol. M-2. S-1, and the peak value of soil respiration in the soil treated with walnut Platycodon and walnut Patchouli occurred in July, respectively, 3.83 mu. M-2. S-1, 4.07 Mu mol. M-2. S-1, 3.86 Mu mol. M-2 s-1.. The order of H) was as follows: 0.36 mol, m-2, s-1,0.48, m-2, s-1,0.57 Mu mol, m-2 s-1,0.32 Mu mol. The study found that soil respiration was significantly exponentially increased with the soil temperature of 15 places, and the variation of soil respiration in several different months in different months was probably due to the Phenophase of 3 different kinds of medicinal herbs The Q10 values of the soil respiration in the hilly region of the hilly area of the hilly region of Sichuan Province showed low winter high in the four seasons, the maximum Q10 value was 4.02, the minimum value was 1.38, the maximum value was about 3 times the minimum value, and both of them appeared in the control treatment. The compound planting of walnut medicinal herbs reduced the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature, which may be the medicinal materials. Plant roots directly or indirectly buffered the direct effect of temperature change on soil respiration. The activity of urease, sucrase and acid phosphatase increased first and then decreased from spring to winter. The activity of three enzymes was the highest in summer and lowest in winter. The maximum of the activity of the three enzymes was 0.0028 Mu mol. G-1. H-1,0.0082, mol. G-1. H-1, 0.02 Mu mol. G-1. H-1; the minimum value was 0.0005 mol, g-1, h-1,0.0003, g-1, h-1,0.0025 Mu mol. G-1 h-1.. Through repeated measurements of variance analysis, it was found that the effect of urease and invertase treatment was not significant, but the seasonal effect, seasonal and interprocessing interaction effects were very significant; the effect of acid phosphatase activity treatment was significant and season. Effect, season and treatment interaction effect was very significant. Soil respiration was significantly correlated with three kinds of Soil Hydrolase Activity; different walnut medicinal compound patterns had no significant influence on soil three kinds of hydrolase activity. In the 4 quarter of 2014, only winter soil microbial biomass carbon content was significantly lower than that of spring, summer and autumn and three quarter. There was no significant difference in soil microbial biomass nitrogen content in soil and control. In summer, the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was increased exponentially with soil respiration, but the organic matter content and soil respiration were reciprocally reciprocal, which may be related to the lower soil nutrient content in the study area. The complex pattern of walnut pure forest and walnut crude drug found that the model of walnut medicine compound has some effect on reducing soil carbon emissions, but it is necessary to make a more comprehensive and in-depth quantitative study on the role of soil carbon in the atmosphere carbon cycle under different land use forms.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S664.1;S567

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