本文選題：青藏高原 + 小菜蛾�。� 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：小菜蛾是一種世界性的重要害蟲,主要危害十字花科作物。十字花科蔬菜是西藏高原蔬菜的重要組成部分,占蔬菜種植面積的70%以上,對(duì)西藏地區(qū)農(nóng)牧業(yè)、商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,人民生活水平改善都有重要的意義。青藏高原平均海拔超過(guò)4000米,在西藏地區(qū)空氣中含氧量大約只有海平面的60%,是研究極端環(huán)境適應(yīng)性的理想天然實(shí)驗(yàn)室。小菜蛾在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中對(duì)青藏高原上極端生態(tài)環(huán)境(如低壓、低氧、低溫、強(qiáng)輻射等)具有高度適應(yīng)性,是研究生物適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化的良好材料。由于長(zhǎng)期生活在低氧環(huán)境中,青藏高原小菜蛾可能比平原上的小菜蛾能夠更好地適應(yīng)低氧環(huán)境。然而,有關(guān)這方面的研究未見任何報(bào)道。本研究通過(guò)高通量測(cè)序的分子技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的兩性生命表的方法相結(jié)合,揭示小菜蛾適應(yīng)低氧的相關(guān)機(jī)制。1)在蟲源發(fā)生地分別組建了福州品系和西藏品系小菜蛾的年齡-齡期兩性生命表。通過(guò)分析這兩種品系小菜蛾的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育歷期、繁殖力、存活率等指標(biāo),以及相關(guān)的種群動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)后發(fā)現(xiàn),低氧環(huán)境對(duì)小菜蛾的發(fā)育歷期有明顯的影響:與西藏品系的小菜蛾相比,福州品系小菜蛾的卵、幼蟲、蛹、成蟲期在低氧環(huán)境下都顯著縮短,特別是第一代變化明顯,隨著繁殖代數(shù)的增加這種差異逐漸消失;繁殖力和存活率無(wú)顯著變化;福州品系小菜蛾在低氧環(huán)境下內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率(r)、周限增長(zhǎng)率(λ)、凈增值率(R0)、平均世代周期(T)都顯著降低。表明在低氧環(huán)境下西藏品系的小菜蛾適合度比福州品系的小菜蛾更高,對(duì)低氧的適應(yīng)能力更強(qiáng)。2)比較常壓低氧處理(1.8kPa氧分壓)前后小菜蛾轉(zhuǎn)錄組的差異,分析相關(guān)的基因及通路,探討小菜蛾適應(yīng)低氧的分子機(jī)制�；谏镄畔W(xué)的方法,獲得了大量差異表達(dá)基因,并從中篩選出差異表達(dá)顯著的基因。對(duì)這些差異表達(dá)基因進(jìn)行功能富集分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們主要集中在脂肪酸代謝、丙酸代謝、氨基酸代謝、三羧酸循環(huán)、糖酵解或糖異生代謝、泛素水解以及新陳代謝途徑等生物學(xué)過(guò)程。其中,泛素水解通路上基因的下調(diào)表達(dá)會(huì)促使缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子αα和β二聚體結(jié)合,從而啟動(dòng)與缺氧相關(guān)基因的表達(dá),使細(xì)胞及機(jī)體適應(yīng)低氧環(huán)境。除此之外,一些基因富集在與DNA復(fù)制相關(guān)的通路中,如DNA修復(fù),核苷酸切除修復(fù),堿基切除修復(fù),錯(cuò)配修復(fù),同源重組等;還發(fā)現(xiàn)與能量代謝相關(guān)的通路在小菜蛾適應(yīng)低氧過(guò)程中發(fā)生了明顯的變化,推測(cè)昆蟲可以通過(guò)對(duì)新陳代謝過(guò)程的調(diào)節(jié)來(lái)適應(yīng)不同的環(huán)境。不同品系的小菜蛾對(duì)低氧的適應(yīng)機(jī)制是類似的,但是西藏品系的小菜蛾比福州品系的小菜蛾對(duì)低氧的耐受能力更強(qiáng),這可能是西藏品系小菜蛾長(zhǎng)期生活在高原缺氧的環(huán)境中自然選擇的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Plutella xylostella is an important pest in the world, which mainly harms cruciferous crops. Cruciferous vegetables are an important part of vegetables in the Tibetan Plateau, accounting for more than 70% of the vegetable planting area, which is of great significance to the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the development of commodity economy and the improvement of people's living standards in Tibet. The average altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is over 4000 meters, and the oxygen content in the air in Tibet is only about 60 percent of that of the sea level. It is an ideal natural laboratory for the study of extreme environmental adaptability. Plutella xylostella has a high adaptability to extreme ecological environment (such as low pressure, low oxygen, low temperature and strong radiation) on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during its evolution. As a result of living in hypoxia environment for a long time, Plutella xylostella in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau may be better able to adapt to hypoxic environment than that of the diamondback moth on the plain. However, studies on this area have not been reported. In this study, high-throughput sequencing molecular technology was combined with the traditional method of amphoteric life table. To reveal the mechanism of Plutella xylostella adapting to hypoxia. 1) Age-age life tables of Plutella xylostella were established in Fuzhou strain and Xizang strain respectively. By analyzing the growth and development period, fecundity, survival rate of the two strains of Plutella xylostella, and the relative population dynamic parameters, we found that, The period of development of Plutella xylostella was obviously affected by hypoxia: compared with the Plutella xylostella in Tibet, the egg, larva, pupae and adult period of Plutella xylostella of Fuzhou strain were significantly shortened in hypoxic environment, especially the change of the first generation was obvious. With the increase of reproduction algebra, the difference gradually disappeared, the fecundity and survival rate of Plutella xylostella were not significantly changed, and the intrinsic growth rate of Plutella xylostella in Fuzhou decreased significantly under hypoxia environment, the weekly limit growth rate (位 ~ (+), net increment rate (R _ (0) and average generation cycle (T _ (T) were all significantly decreased. The results showed that the adaptability of Plutella xylostella in Xizang strain was higher than that in Fuzhou strain under hypoxic environment, and the adaptability to hypoxia was stronger. 2) the difference of transcription group of Plutella xylostella before and after hypoxia treatment (1.8kPa oxygen partial pressure). To study the molecular mechanism of Plutella xylostella adaptation to hypoxia by analyzing the related genes and pathways. A large number of differentially expressed genes were obtained based on bioinformatics, from which significant differentially expressed genes were screened. The functional enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes showed that they were mainly concentrated in fatty acid metabolism, propionic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis or glycometabolism. Ubiquitin hydrolysis and metabolic pathways and other biological processes. Among them, the down-regulation of gene expression in ubiquitin hydrolysis pathway will promote the binding of hypoxia inducible factor 偽 偽 and 尾 dimer, thus initiate the expression of hypoxia related genes, and make cells and organism adapt to hypoxia environment. In addition, some genes are concentrated in DNA replication-related pathways, such as DNA repair, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, etc. It was also found that the pathways related to energy metabolism changed obviously in the process of Plutella xylostella adaptation to hypoxia. It was speculated that insects could adapt to different environments through the regulation of metabolic process. The adaptation mechanism of different strains of Plutella xylostella to hypoxia was similar, but the tolerance of Plutella xylostella of Tibet strain to hypoxia was stronger than that of Fuzhou strain. This may be the result of natural selection of Plutella xylostella, a Tibetan strain, living in a hypoxic environment on the plateau for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S433.4

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