本文選題：荒漠草原 + 混合放牧��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：放牧是天然草原最主要的利用方式。牛和羊是內(nèi)蒙古草原最主要的放牧畜種。不同家畜具有不同的采食行為,進(jìn)而對(duì)草地植物種群的生長(zhǎng)和種間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)產(chǎn)生影響,因此,研究牛羊混合放牧與單獨(dú)放牧對(duì)于草地的影響,具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。根系是植物與土壤的主要連接點(diǎn),它決定著土壤環(huán)境與草地植被之間的作用界面,也是土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的重要參與者,是支持植物地上部分和固定植物體的重要器官,草地植物根系對(duì)草地植物整個(gè)生態(tài)功能的有效發(fā)揮具有非常重要的作用。對(duì)草地生產(chǎn)力而言氮素的影響很大,氮素是一個(gè)很重要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,植物生長(zhǎng)中有較多的限制因子,氮素是其中重要的限制因子之一,氮素在草地生產(chǎn)力、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能及草地植物群落多樣性等方面有重要影響。本研究在內(nèi)蒙古包頭市達(dá)茂旗希拉穆仁荒漠草原設(shè)置不同放牧處理:羊單牧、牛單牧、牛羊混合放牧和不放牧,研究土壤氮素、植物地下凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力及根系周轉(zhuǎn)速率和植物根系構(gòu)型對(duì)不同放牧方式的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:1.放牧14個(gè)月后(約2個(gè)生長(zhǎng)季),牛單牧和牛羊混合放牧顯著提高了 10～20 emm土層土壤全氮含量,其中牛單牧提高了硝態(tài)氮含量,而牛羊混合放牧則以提高有機(jī)氮為主;2.無(wú)牧區(qū)植物群落地上生物量顯著高于羊單牧、牛單牧和混合放牧區(qū)。地下生物量在各處理間差異不顯著;3.牛羊混合放牧使根系周轉(zhuǎn)加速,根系地下凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力增高;羊單牧和牛單牧下根系周轉(zhuǎn)緩慢;4.在不同放牧處理下植物群落根系長(zhǎng)度、直徑、表面積和體積等根系構(gòu)型均沒(méi)有顯著差異,但總體來(lái)看單牧羊會(huì)使植被根系長(zhǎng)度、直徑、表面積和體積指數(shù)減小,而牛羊混合放牧?xí)怪脖桓禈?gòu)型指數(shù)增大;5.在不同放牧處理下建群種克氏針茅根系構(gòu)型也沒(méi)有顯著差異,通過(guò)直徑級(jí)分級(jí)發(fā)現(xiàn),無(wú)牧區(qū)根系直徑在2.5～3.5及4～4.5 mm區(qū)間的克氏針茅根系長(zhǎng)度、體積和表面積顯著高于其他放牧區(qū),說(shuō)明無(wú)牧區(qū)克氏針茅擁有較多的粗根;整體上看,放牧處理時(shí)間還比較短,土壤和植物的根系生產(chǎn)力及根系構(gòu)型參數(shù)變化還不明顯,有待于繼續(xù)觀測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Grazing is the most important use of natural grassland. Cattle and sheep are the main grazing livestock species in Inner Mongolia grassland. Different livestock have different feeding behaviors, which will affect the growth of grassland plant population and the competition between species. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the effects of mixed grazing of cattle and sheep and individual grazing on grassland. Root system is the main junction point between plant and soil, it determines the interface between soil environment and grassland vegetation, it is also an important participant in the function of soil ecosystem, and it is an important organ to support the aboveground part of plant and fixed plant. The root system of grassland plants plays an important role in the effective exertion of the whole ecological function of grassland plants. Nitrogen is a very important nutrient element, and there are many limiting factors in plant growth. Nitrogen is one of the important limiting factors, and nitrogen is one of the important limiting factors in grassland productivity. The structure and function of ecosystem and the diversity of grassland plant community play an important role. In this study, different grazing treatments were established in Xilamuren desert steppe of Damao Banner, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia: sheep single grazing, cattle single grazing, cattle and sheep mixed grazing and non-grazing. Responses of net primary productivity, root turnover rate and plant root configuration to different grazing patterns. The result shows that 1: 1. After 14 months of grazing (about 2 growing seasons), mixed grazing of cattle and sheep significantly increased soil total nitrogen content of 10 ~ 20 emm soil layer, in which cattle single grazing increased nitrate nitrogen content, while cattle and sheep mixed grazing mainly increased organic nitrogen content. The aboveground biomass of plant community in no-grazing area was significantly higher than that in sheep, cattle and mixed herding area. There was no significant difference in underground biomass among treatments. Mixed grazing of cattle and sheep accelerated root turnover, increased net primary productivity of root system, and slow turnover of root system under sheep single grazing and cattle single grazing. There was no significant difference in root system length, diameter, surface area and volume of plant community under different grazing treatments, but the root length, diameter, surface area and volume index of vegetation were decreased by single herding sheep as a whole. However, mixed grazing of cattle and sheep increased the vegetation root configuration index by 5. 5%. Under different grazing treatments, there was no significant difference in the configuration of Roots of Stipa krjabini. It was found that the length, volume and surface area of Roots in the range of 2.5 ~ 3. 5 mm and 4 ~ 4. 5 mm were significantly higher than those in other grazing areas. The results showed that Stipa krjabini had more thick roots in the no-pasturing area, the grazing time was relatively short, and the changes of root productivity and root configuration parameters of soil and plants were not obvious, which needed to be further observed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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