本文選題：芍藥屬 + 芍藥組��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)、芍藥為(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)均為芍藥科(Paeoniaceae)芍藥屬(Paeonia)植物,是我國特有的觀賞植物和藥用植物。本試驗采用能適應東北地區(qū)氣候,在吉林,長春地區(qū)正常生長,冬季人工防寒或無需防寒能安全越冬的芍藥屬品種為母本,與不同類型芍藥屬品種進行人工雜交試驗,對各雜交組合的平均結(jié)實數(shù),種子千粒重進行統(tǒng)計及分析,并對不同濃度硼酸對芍藥屬植物雜交平均結(jié)實數(shù)及千粒重的影響進行統(tǒng)計分析。研究主要結(jié)果如下:1.對試驗采用的17個牡丹組品種,13個芍藥組品種去雄套袋不授粉觀察其單性結(jié)實能力,發(fā)現(xiàn)本試驗所采用的的母本品種均無單性結(jié)實的能力,可以排除在雜交試驗中母本單性結(jié)實對實驗結(jié)果的干擾。2.采用人工雜交授粉的方式進行雜交試驗,本試驗共設計有300個雜交組合,授粉1800朵花,共計獲得9922粒雜交種子,其中牡丹組組內(nèi)近緣雜交共有雜交組合191個,授粉1146朵花,雜交種子共獲得9034粒;芍藥組組內(nèi)雜交共16個組合,獲得雜交種子共426粒;組間雜交共66個雜交組合,其中正交共53個組合,獲得種子48粒,反交13個組合,獲得種子447粒。3.牡丹亞組內(nèi)近緣雜交亦有雜交不親和的雜交組合主要表現(xiàn)為雜交不結(jié)實或雖有結(jié)實但是所得種子中空干癟,各雜交組合中當母本性狀相差不大時,父本的形狀是影響雜交結(jié)實率的主要原因,雜交結(jié)實率隨著父本花型進化成得變高而降低,不同類型牡丹作為母本時,母本自身的結(jié)實率是影響雜交組合的主要原因。4.發(fā)現(xiàn)牡丹組雜交平均結(jié)實數(shù)隨硼酸濃度的增加呈先增加然后減小的趨勢,硼酸濃度為20 mg/L為最佳濃度;芍藥組雜交平均結(jié)實數(shù)隨著硼酸濃度的增加同樣呈現(xiàn)先增加后減小的趨勢,硼酸濃度為20 mg/L時的平均結(jié)實數(shù)與對照組的平均結(jié)實數(shù)差異性顯著,硼酸濃度對牡丹組與芍藥組正交試驗不同雜交組合的平均結(jié)實數(shù)影響不同。本研究表明以東北地區(qū)現(xiàn)有的芍藥屬種質(zhì)資源進行雜交育種是可行的,在雜交種應選取‘鳳丹白’、西北牡丹品種這類自然平均結(jié)實數(shù)較高的品種為母本,雜交父本應盡量選取花型進化程度較低的品種;硼酸處理柱頭的方式可提高芍藥屬植物雜交的親和性。
[Abstract]:Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonia lactiflora Pall.and Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Both Paeoniaceae (Paeoniaceaeae) Paeoniae (Paeoniae) are unique ornamental plants and medicinal plants in China. In this experiment, the varieties of Paeonia, which can adapt to the climate of Northeast China and grow normally in Jilin and Changchun regions, were used as female parent for artificial cold prevention in winter or for overwintering without cold protection. The experiment was carried out with different types of Paeonia varieties. The average fruiting number and 1000-grain weight of the hybrid combinations were analyzed and the effects of boric acid concentration on the average seed number and 1000-grain weight of Paeoniflorin were analyzed. The main results are as follows: 1. The parthenocarpic ability of 17 peony varieties and 13 Paeoniflorin group varieties without pollination and bagging was observed. It was found that all the female varieties used in the experiment had no parthenocarpy ability. The interference of parthenocarpy of female parent on the experimental results can be excluded. 2. 2. A total of 300 cross combinations were designed to pollinate 1800 flowers and 9922 hybrid seeds were obtained. Among them, there were 191 cross combinations and 1146 pollinated flowers in peony group. A total of 9034 hybrid seeds were obtained, 16 cross combinations were obtained in Paeonia lactiflora group, 66 hybrid combinations were obtained, among them 53 combinations were orthogonal, 48 seeds were obtained, 13 cross combinations were obtained, and 447 seeds. 3 seeds were obtained. The cross combinations with cross incompatibility in peony subgroup mainly showed that the cross did not bear fruit or the seeds were hollow and shriveled, and when the female parent characters were not different among the cross combinations, there was no significant difference in the characters of the female parent. The shape of male parent is the main reason of affecting hybrid seed setting rate, and the cross seed setting rate decreases with the evolution of male flower type. When different types of peony as female parent, female parent's own seed setting rate is the main reason. 4. It was found that the average number of seed bearing in the peony group increased first and then decreased with the increase of boric acid concentration, and the best concentration was 20 mg/L. With the increase of boric acid concentration, the average fertility number of Paeonia lactiflora group increased first and then decreased. The average fruiting number of Paeoniflorin group was significantly different from that of control group when boric acid concentration was 20 mg/L. The effect of boric acid concentration on the average fruiting number of different cross combinations in peony group and peony group was different. This study shows that it is feasible to use the existing germplasm resources of Paeonia in Northeast China for cross breeding. In the hybrids, we should select the varieties with high natural average fruiting number such as' Fengdanbai 'and' northwest peony'as female parent. The hybrids of Paeonifloria should be improved by boric acid treatment of stigma, and the hybrids of Paeonifloria should be selected as far as possible, and the compatibility of Paeoniflorin can be improved by boric acid treatment.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S68

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