本文選題：水稻 + 粒形�。� 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻的粒形(粒長、粒寬、長寬比、粒厚)是決定粒重的因素之一,進而會影響產(chǎn)量。同時,粒形影響了谷粒的外觀品質(zhì)和食用質(zhì)量,還涉及到谷物的市場價值和消費者傾向。水稻的柱頭外露率影響了雜交水稻的制種產(chǎn)量。水稻粒形、千粒重和柱頭外露率的研究對于水稻的遺傳改良和育種都有重要意義。本研究利用秈型光溫敏核不育系廣占63-4S和優(yōu)質(zhì)秈型常規(guī)稻Dodda雜交衍生的F2群體、F3群體和BC1F2群體,對控制水稻粒形、千粒重和柱頭外露率的QTL(數(shù)量性狀位點)進行定位和驗證分析。1.利用SSR標記檢測F2群體(2014年)和F3群體(2015年)中的QTL,共檢測到控制粒長的QTL 13個,分布在第1、3、4、5、6、8、9和11染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.03%-25.39%;控制粒寬的QTL 7個,分布在第2、4、8、11和12染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為4.58%-13.97%;控制谷粒長寬比的QTL9個,分布在第1、2、3、7、8、9、11和12染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為1.46%-10.00%;控制粒厚的QTL 10個,分布在第2、3、4、7和11染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.17%-20.98%;控制千粒重的QTL 11個,分布在第1、2、3、4、6、7和11染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.83%-20.68%。2.利用SNP標記檢測F2群體(2014年)和F3群體(2015年和2016年)中的QTL,共檢測到控制粒長的QTL 18個,分布在第1、3、4、5、6、9和11染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.29%-24.96%;控制粒寬的QTL 11個,分布在第1、2、4、5、6、8、9和11染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.06%-20.66%;控制谷粒長寬比的QTL 23個,分布在第2、3、4、5、6、8、9、11和12染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.06%-17.80%;控制粒厚的QTL 20個,分布在第1、2、3、4、6、7、8、9和11染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.05%-26.64%;控制千粒重的QTL 12個,分布在第1、2、3、5、6、7和11染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.04%-18.47%。3.利用SNP標記(中種RICE6K芯片)檢測F3群體(2016年)中的QTL位點,共檢測到控制柱頭外露的QTL位點20個,其中控制柱頭單露率的QTL位點11個,分布在第2、5、6、9號染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.14%-52.82%;控制柱頭雙露率的QTL位點9個,分布在第5、6、9和11號染色體上,解釋表型變異率的范圍為0.51%-31.59%。4.為了證實水稻粒形、千粒重和柱頭外露QTL的遺傳效應(yīng),我們利用MAS方法,構(gòu)建了廣占63-4S背景下的BC1F2群體,驗證了SSR分析檢測到的8個粒形和千粒重的QTL,解釋表型變異率范圍為0.09%-19.55%;驗證了SNP分析檢測到的11個粒形和千粒重的QTL,解釋表型變異率范圍為2.29%-19.55%;驗證了SNP分析檢測到的2個單柱頭外露的QTL位點,解釋表型變異率分別為6.68%、12.77%。
[Abstract]:Grain shape (grain length, grain width, ratio of length to width, grain thickness) is one of the determinants of grain weight, which will affect grain yield. At the same time, the grain shape affects the appearance quality and edible quality of grain, and also relates to the market value and consumer tendency of grain. The stigma exserted rate of rice affected the seed yield of hybrid rice. The study of rice grain shape, 1000-grain weight and stigma exsertion rate is of great importance to the genetic improvement and breeding of rice. In this study, the rice grain shape was controlled by F _ 2 population F _ 3 population and BC1F2 population derived from GMS line Guang Zang 63-4S and good quality indica rice Dodda hybrid. The QTL (quantitative trait loci) of 1000 grain weight and stigma exsertion rate were mapped and verified. Using SSR markers to detect QTLs in F2 population (2014) and F3 population (2015), 13 QTL were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11. The range of phenotypic variation was 0.03- 25.39C, and that of QTL controlling grain width was 7. The phenotypic variation rate was 4.58% -13.97, and the QTL9, which controlled grain aspect ratio, was distributed on chromosomes 1 and 12. The range of phenotypic variation rates was 1.46-10.000.10 QTL with grain thickness were controlled. The phenotypic variation rate was 0.17% -20.98, and 11 QTL, which controlled 1000-grain weight, were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11. The range of phenotypic variation rates was 0.83- 20.68%, and the range of phenotypic variation rate was 0.83- 20.68%, and the phenotypic variation rate was 0.83- 20.68%. Using SNP markers to detect QTLs in F2 population (2014) and F3 population (2015 and 2016), 18 QTL controlling grain length were detected, which were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11. The range of phenotypic variation rates was 0.29-24.96, and that of QTL controlling grain width was 11. Distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11, the rate of phenotypic variation was 0.06- 20.66; QTL, which controlled grain aspect ratio, was distributed on chromosomes 2H 3H 4H 5N 6N 8N 9N and chromosome 12, and explained phenotypic variation rates in the range of 0.06- 17.80; QTL 20 controlled grain thickness, and so did the phenotypic variation rate (P < 0.05), and the phenotypic variation rate was 0.06- 17.80% (P < 0.05), and the percentage of phenotypic variation was 0.06- 17.80 (P < 0.05). The phenotypic variation rate was 0.05- 26.64 and 12 QTL, which controlled 1000-grain weight, were distributed on chromosomes 1 and 11, and the range of phenotypic variation rates was 0.04- 18.47.3.The phenotypic variation rate was 0.04- 18.47.3. The QTL loci in F3 population (2016) were detected by SNP marker (RICE6K chip), and 20 QTL loci were detected to control stigma exposure. Among them, 11 QTL loci were found to control stigma monolith rate, which were distributed on chromosomes 25 and 69. The range of phenotypic variation rate was 0.14- 52.82, and the nine QTL loci which controlled the rate of double exposure of stigma were distributed on chromosomes 5, 6, 9 and 11, and the range of explaining phenotypic variation rates was 0.51-31.59.4.The results showed that the phenotypic variation rate was 0.14% -52.82%. In order to confirm the genetic effects of rice grain shape, 1000-grain weight and stigma exserted QTL, we constructed a large BC1F2 population under 63-4S background by using MAS method. The QTLs of 8 grain shapes and 1000-grain weight detected by SSR analysis were verified, and the phenotypic variation rate was 0.09-19.55.The QTLs of 11 grain shapes and 1000-grain weight detected by SNP analysis were verified, and the phenotypic variation rates were 2.29- 19.55g, respectively, and the SNP analysis was verified. To two single stigma exposed QTL loci, The rate of phenotypic variation explained was 6.68% and 12.77%, respectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511

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