本文選題：秋玉米 + 密度�。� 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著長江中游種植制度的變化,秋玉米的種植面積在逐漸增加,為協(xié)同實現(xiàn)秋玉米高產(chǎn)與氮素高效利用提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐,本研究以半緊湊型秋玉米品種勤玉58為試驗材料,采用裂區(qū)試驗設(shè)計,施氮量為主區(qū)、種植密度為副區(qū),探討氮肥、密度及其互作對秋玉米冠層結(jié)構(gòu),干物質(zhì)積累,產(chǎn)量及氮素利用效率的影響。本試驗共設(shè)置4個氮肥處理,包括不施氮(N0)、210 N kg/ha(底肥與追肥1次,N210-1)、210 N kg/ha(底肥與追肥2次,N210-2)、300 N kg/ha(常規(guī)施肥,N300)。設(shè)置60000株/ha(D1)、78000株/ha(D2)、93000株/ha(D3)三個種植密度。研究結(jié)果表明:1.本試驗條件下,種植密度和施氮處理及其互作對株高、穗位高、莖粗的影響不顯著。而密度及施氮處理對各時期葉面積指數(shù)的影響均顯著,隨著密度的增加呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢,施氮后,隨著施氮量的增加呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢,密度和施氮互作對各時期葉面積指數(shù)的影響均不顯著。2.本試驗條件下,種植密度對大喇叭口期后群體不同層次透光率的影響顯著,隨著密度的增加,(中部或)穗位層及底層透光率呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢。施氮對群體不同層次透光率的影響不顯著,密度和施氮互作對群體不同層次透光率的影響不顯著。3.本試驗條件下,相較于不施氮處理,種植密度和施氮量對干物質(zhì)積累量影響顯著,隨著施氮量的增加呈現(xiàn)不斷增加的趨勢,提高密度各時期群體干物質(zhì)積累量也在不斷增加,但種植密度和施氮量處理之間對各時期群體干物質(zhì)積累的影響均不顯著。不同種植密度和施氮量處理對花后干物質(zhì)積累比例影響不顯著。4.本試驗條件下,種植密度和施氮處理及其互作對穗粒數(shù)和千粒重的影響均不顯著,產(chǎn)量的差異主要來自于穗數(shù),高密度(93000株/ha)顯著好于低密度(60000株/ha),氮肥后移似乎對產(chǎn)量沒影響。4個氮肥處理下,中密度(78000株/ha)與高密度(93000株/ha)產(chǎn)量差異不顯著,N210-2處理除外。因此,在長江中下游地區(qū)的秋玉米種植,密度設(shè)置為78000株/ha,N210-1氮肥處理水平下可以取得較高的產(chǎn)量。5.相較于N210-1,中密度(78000株/ha)與高密度(93000株/ha)N210-2氮肥后移處理顯著增加氮肥利用效率。氮素回收效率、成熟期群體氮含量積累量最大的均是中密度(78000株/ha)下N210-1處理。結(jié)合產(chǎn)量數(shù)據(jù),最適宜的秋玉米協(xié)同實現(xiàn)高產(chǎn)與氮高效利用的種植模式是中密度(78000株/ha)施氮量N210-1處理。
[Abstract]:With the change of planting system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the planting area of autumn maize is gradually increasing, which provides the theoretical basis and technical support for the cooperative realization of high yield and high nitrogen use of autumn corn. In this study, Qinyu 58, a semi-compact autumn maize variety, was used as the experimental material. The experiment design of split area was used. The nitrogen fertilizer, density and their interaction on the canopy structure and dry matter accumulation of autumn corn were discussed. The nitrogen application rate was the main area and the planting density was the secondary area. Effects of yield and nitrogen use efficiency. A total of 4 nitrogen treatments were set up in this experiment, including 210N / ha (N 210-1U 210N / ha) without N _ 0N _ 0N / ha (N _ 210-2N / ha) (N _ 210-2n ~ (3) N 路kg / ha) (N _ (300) N / ha). Set up three planting densities of 60000 / hajao D _ (1) ~ 78, 000 / ha ~ (2) ~ (2) / / ha ~ (3) ~ (3). The results of the study show that 1: 1. In this experiment, the effects of planting density, nitrogen application and their interaction on plant height, ear height and stem diameter were not significant. The effect of density and nitrogen application on leaf area index was significant, and increased with the increase of density, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The effect of density and nitrogen application on leaf area index was not significant. In this experiment, the effect of planting density on the light transmittance of different layers after big bell mouth stage was significant, and the light transmittance of panicle layer and bottom layer decreased with the increase of density. The effect of nitrogen application on the light transmittance of different layers of the population was not significant, while the effect of density and nitrogen application interaction on the light transmittance of different layers of the population was not significant. Under the experimental conditions, the dry matter accumulation was significantly affected by planting density and nitrogen application rate, and the dry matter accumulation increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the dry matter accumulation of population in different periods of increasing density was also increasing. But the effects of planting density and nitrogen application on dry matter accumulation were not significant. The effects of different planting density and nitrogen application amount on dry matter accumulation after anthesis were not significant. 4. Under the experimental conditions, the effects of planting density, nitrogen application and their interaction on the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were not significant, and the difference of yield was mainly from the number of panicles. 93000 plants / haa of high density were significantly better than those of 60 000 plants / ha of low density, nitrogen fertilizer backward shift seemed to have no effect on yield. Under 4 nitrogen fertilizer treatments, there was no significant difference in yield between medium density 78 000 / ha and high density 93 000 / ha. except for N210-2 treatment. Therefore, in autumn maize planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a high yield of .5. can be obtained under the nitrogen fertilizer treatment level of 78000 plants / hajiu N210-1. Compared with N _ 210-1, the N use efficiency was significantly increased after N _ 210-1N _ 210-2 nitrogen fertilizer transfer treatment and high-density N _ 210-2 nitrogen fertilizer / / ha) and high-density ~ 93000 plants / / ha ~ (2) treatments. The highest nitrogen recovery efficiency and nitrogen accumulation in mature population were treated with N210-1 under the medium density of 78000 plants / ha. Based on the yield data, the most suitable cropping pattern for high yield and high nitrogen utilization of autumn maize was the treatment of N application rate N 210-1 with medium density of 78000 plants / ha.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

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