本文選題：土柱 + 水肥模式�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)田中氮肥的過(guò)量使用對(duì)環(huán)境造成的污染日趨嚴(yán)重,目前我國(guó)的氮肥的利用率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于世界平均水平。為了探索農(nóng)田氮素淋溶損失給環(huán)境帶來(lái)的危害,更加直觀且準(zhǔn)確地研究氮素養(yǎng)分平衡情況,本試驗(yàn)采用了土柱模擬的方法,以馬鈴薯田的水肥模式為研究對(duì)象,深入探討了農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中養(yǎng)分平衡情況,為提高養(yǎng)分利用減少環(huán)境污染提供理論依據(jù)。為切合實(shí)際,實(shí)驗(yàn)方案采取了農(nóng)戶調(diào)查的方式,從調(diào)查中的大戶、合作社和公司各選出2個(gè)具有代表性的體系進(jìn)行模擬。通過(guò)對(duì)試驗(yàn)中馬鈴薯植株、土壤殘留以及馬鈴薯生長(zhǎng)的苗期、塊莖形成、塊莖膨大和淀粉積累期的淋溶液中氮素養(yǎng)分的測(cè)定,得出以下結(jié)果:(1)馬鈴薯植株收獲后,不同水肥模式中的土壤殘留氮素沒(méi)有顯著差異。滴灌體系的淋溶液總量為471mL,為灌溉量的19.6%,噴灌體系的淋溶液總量為886mL,為灌溉量的25.8%;在施氮量大致相同的情況下,滴灌體系的無(wú)機(jī)氮的淋失量2.2～4.5 mg之間,噴灌體系的無(wú)機(jī)氮淋失量在7.7～14.2 mg之間,表明滴灌較噴灌可以提高水分利用率,減少氮素淋失量。(2)施加有機(jī)肥可以提高土壤肥力,增加馬鈴薯植株的吸氮量,降低農(nóng)田氮素淋溶損失。(3)隨著馬鈴薯植株生長(zhǎng)時(shí)期的推移淋溶液中氮素的濃度表現(xiàn)為下降的趨勢(shì),苗期氮素淋失情況嚴(yán)重,表明基施中應(yīng)降低氮肥的投入,從而減輕環(huán)境壓力。(4)不同水肥模式的每個(gè)土柱氮平衡在149～375 mg之間變動(dòng),表明氮素投入量大于氮素輸出量,處于盈余的狀態(tài),可能會(huì)造成硝酸鹽淋溶的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:The environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in farmland is becoming more and more serious. At present, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in China is far lower than the world average level. In order to explore the environmental harm caused by nitrogen leaching loss in farmland and to study the nitrogen nutrient balance more intuitively and accurately, the soil column simulation method was adopted in this experiment, and the water and fertilizer model of potato field was used as the research object. The nutrient balance in farmland ecosystem was discussed in order to provide theoretical basis for improving nutrient utilization and reducing environmental pollution. In order to be practical, the experimental scheme adopts the method of peasant household investigation. Two representative systems are selected from the large households, cooperatives and companies in the survey to simulate the experiment. Through the determination of nitrogen nutrients in potato plant, soil residue, seedling stage of potato growth, tuber formation, tuber enlargement and starch accumulation stage, the following results were obtained: 1) after harvest of potato plant, There was no significant difference in soil residual nitrogen between different water and fertilizer models. The total amount of leaching solution in drip irrigation system was 471mL, which was 19.6mg of irrigation amount, and the total amount of leaching solution in sprinkler irrigation system was 886mL, which was 25.8mL.The leaching amount of inorganic nitrogen in drip irrigation system was between 2.2 mg and 4.5 mg under the condition of similar nitrogen application. The amount of inorganic nitrogen leaching in sprinkler irrigation system was between 7. 7 and 14. 2 mg, which indicated that drip irrigation could increase water use efficiency and reduce nitrogen leaching loss.) applying organic fertilizer could improve soil fertility and increase nitrogen uptake of potato plants. Reduction of nitrogen leaching loss in farmland. 3) with the increase of potato plant growth stage, nitrogen concentration in the solution showed a decreasing trend, and nitrogen leaching loss in seedling stage was serious, which indicated that the input of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced in basal application. Therefore, the nitrogen balance of each soil column of different water and fertilizer models varied from 149 to 375 mg, indicating that nitrogen input was larger than nitrogen output and was in surplus state, which might cause nitrate leaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S532

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