本文選題：普通小麥 + QTL定位��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高產(chǎn)是小麥育種和生產(chǎn)中的永恒主題。小麥穗部性狀中穗粒數(shù)和千粒重都屬于產(chǎn)量三要素,對小麥產(chǎn)量有重要影響。莖稈強度是影響小麥產(chǎn)量和關(guān)系倒伏的重要因素,研究小麥莖稈強度的遺傳機理,對改良小麥穩(wěn)產(chǎn)性和抗倒性,從而提高小麥籽粒品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量潛力具有重要意義。因此,檢測與小麥穗部和莖稈強度相關(guān)性狀緊密關(guān)聯(lián)的基因位點可以為小麥分子設(shè)計育種奠定基礎(chǔ)。本研究以(山農(nóng)01-35×藁城9411)173個F8:9株系的RIL群體和205份中國冬麥區(qū)小麥品種(系)組成的自然群體為材料。利用90 k小麥SNP基因芯片、DArT芯片技術(shù)及傳統(tǒng)的分子標記技術(shù)構(gòu)建的高密度遺傳圖譜和包含24355個SNP標記位點的復(fù)合遺傳圖譜進行了小麥穗部性狀及小麥莖稈強度相關(guān)性狀進行了QTL定位。并進行了莖稈強度的分子標記開發(fā)。獲得主要結(jié)果如下:(1)通過連鎖分析,在5個環(huán)境中共檢測到35個控制穗部性狀的QTL位點。其中,11個位點(QD1A.5-22、QFSN2D.1-40、QL4B.3-8、QFSN4B.4-17、QGN4B.4-17、QSL4B.4-17、QTSS4B.4-17、QGW4B.4-17、QGW5B.5-488、QL6B.7-3和QD6D.2-1)在多個環(huán)境中檢測到,分布在1A、2D、4B、5B、6B和6D染色體上。同時,在區(qū)間EX_C101685至RAC875_C27536上檢測到控制千粒重、穗長、穗粒數(shù)、可育小穗數(shù)、不育小穗數(shù)和總小穗數(shù)的QTL,解釋表型變異率為5.40%-37.70%。(2)在4個環(huán)境中共檢測到69個與穗部性狀顯著關(guān)聯(lián)位點,除了4D、5D和6D染色體以外,幾乎在所有染色體上都檢測到。其中,包括6個在多環(huán)境中檢測到的穩(wěn)定關(guān)聯(lián)位點;在2A和3A染色體上,4個一因多效性位點(RAC875_c9691_870、wsnp_Ra_c19079_28210937、BS00097939_51和RAC875_c56516_786)。(3)通過連鎖分析,共檢測到56個控制莖稈強度相關(guān)性狀的QTL位點。其中,5個位點(Q2NJ1A.1-5、Q2CH2B.1-44、Q2ZJ4B.4-17、QWQD4B.4-13和Q2CH6B.1-13)在多個環(huán)境中檢測到,是穩(wěn)定的QTL位點,分布在1A、2B、4B和6B染色體上;在區(qū)間EX_C101685至RAC875_C27536上檢測到控制2節(jié)內(nèi)直徑、2節(jié)直徑、3節(jié)直徑、2節(jié)重、3節(jié)重、株高、18d2節(jié)強度、27d2節(jié)強度和18d3節(jié)強度的QTL。(4)共檢測到221個與莖稈強度性狀顯著關(guān)聯(lián)位點,除了4D和6D染色體以外,幾乎在所有染色體上都檢測到。其中包括1個在多環(huán)境中檢測到的穩(wěn)定關(guān)聯(lián)位點。19個一因多效性位點。(5)通過關(guān)聯(lián)和連鎖分析檢測結(jié)果在染色體上位置的比對發(fā)現(xiàn),在多個環(huán)境中4B染色體著絲粒附近RAC875_C27536_611至Tdurum_contig4974_355區(qū)段內(nèi),兩種方法同時檢測到控制粒重的位點;在5A染色體QTSS5A.7-43至BS00021805_51區(qū)段內(nèi)同時檢測到穗密度和總小穗數(shù)的位點;在3A染色體QD3A.2-164至RAC875_c17479_359區(qū)段內(nèi)同時檢測到控制穗長和穗粒數(shù)的位點。(6)根據(jù)SNP標記IACX557,開發(fā)了以限制性內(nèi)切酶AluI為工具酶的QWQD4B.4-13標記。標記驗證結(jié)果表明,QWQD4B.4-13是與莖稈強度緊密關(guān)聯(lián)的分子標記,可用于分子標記輔助選擇。
[Abstract]:High yield is the eternal theme in wheat breeding and production. The number of grains per ear and the weight of 1000 kernels in the panicle of wheat were all three factors of yield, which had an important effect on the yield of wheat. Stem strength is an important factor affecting wheat yield and lodging. It is of great significance to study the genetic mechanism of wheat stem strength to improve wheat yield stability and yield resistance and improve wheat grain quality and yield potential. Therefore, the detection of gene loci closely related to wheat ear and stem intensity can lay a foundation for wheat molecular design and breeding. In this study, a total of 173 F 8: 9 RIL populations and 205 natural populations of wheat varieties (lines) in winter wheat regions in China were used as materials in this study. (Shannong 01-35 脳 Gaocheng 9411). The high-density genetic map constructed by 90k wheat SNP gene chip and traditional molecular marker technique and the composite genetic map containing 24355 SNP marker sites were used to study the panicle traits and the wheat stem strength phase. QTL mapping of related traits was carried out. The molecular marker of stem strength was developed. The main results were as follows: (1) 35 QTL loci controlling panicle traits were detected in 5 environments by linkage analysis. Among them, 11 loci QD1A.5-22 QFSN2D.1-40 QFSN4B.3-8 QFSN4B.4-17 QGN4B.4-17 QSL4B.4-17 QTSS4B.4-17 QGW4B.4-17 QGW4B.4-17 QGW5B.5-488QL6B.7-3 and QD6D.2-1) were detected in a number of environments. At the same time, QTLs of controlling 1000-grain weight, panicle length, grain number per spike, fertile spikelet number, sterile spikelet number and total spikelet number were detected on interval EX_C101685 to RAC875_C27536, and explained phenotypic variation rate was 5.40-37.70.n.) 69 significant correlation sites with panicle traits were detected in 4 environments. With the exception of chromosome 4 D 5 D and chromosome 6 D, almost all chromosomes were detected. Among them, there were six stable association sites detected in multiple environments, and on chromosomes 2A and 3A, four multifunctional loci, RAC875C9691870wsnpS / s / s 28210937 / s / BS0009793951 and RAC875Sc56516786N. / 3), a total of 56 QTL loci controlling the intensity correlation of stems were detected on chromosomes 2A and 3A. Among them, Q2NJ1A.1-5 (Q2CH2B.1-4) Q2ZJ4B.4-17 QWQD4B.4-13 and Q2CH6B.1-13) were found to be stable QTL loci, distributed on chromosome 1A1NJ1A.1-5G and on chromosomes 1A2NJ1B.1-5N Q2CH2B.1-44Q2ZJ4B.4-17QWQD4B.4-13 and Q2CH6B.1-13). A total of 221 loci were found to be significantly associated with stem strength traits, except for chromosome 4D and chromosome 6D, and were detected on almost all chromosomes except for chromosome 4D and chromosome 6D. This includes 1 stable association locus detected in multiple environments. 19 polymorphic loci. In the RAC875_C27536_611 to Tdurum_contig4974_355 region near chromosome 4B centromere, the sites controlling grain weight were detected simultaneously by the two methods, and the spike density and the total spikelet number were detected simultaneously in the QTSS5A.7-43 to BS00021805_51 region of chromosome 5A. According to the SNP marker IACX557, a QWQD4B.4-13 marker using restriction endonuclease AluI as a tool enzyme was developed. The results showed that QWQD4B.4-13 was a molecular marker closely related to stem strength and could be used for molecular marker-assisted selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S512.1

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