本文選題：鈍化劑 + 牛糞�。� 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)快速發(fā)展及配合飼料養(yǎng)殖法的應(yīng)用,畜禽糞便中重金屬的殘留問題日益嚴(yán)重。厭氧發(fā)酵是處理畜禽糞便的有效途徑,而鈍化劑對牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵中重金屬的影響,目前少有研究,因此希望通過本研究為重金屬污染控制及沼肥的安全利用提供理論依據(jù)。本試驗以重金屬為研究對象,以牛糞為厭氧發(fā)酵原料,添加3種不同種類不同添加比例的重金屬鈍化劑進(jìn)行厭氧發(fā)酵,通過正交試驗的方法,在試驗中選取3個因素,每個因素取3個水平;3個因素分別為溫度(3個水平分別為22℃C、28℃C、35℃C)、鈍化劑種類(3個水平分別為沸石、海泡石、鈣鎂磷肥)、鈍化劑添加比例(3個水平分別為干物質(zhì)量的5%、2.5%、7.5%),采用BCR提取法分析重金屬形態(tài),探索三種不同鈍化劑(沸石、海泡石、鈣鎂磷肥)對牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣量、甲烷含量及重金屬形態(tài)變化的影響,以期通過本試驗研究,為沼渣沼液的安全合理利用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。在接種物量30%、TS為10%、pH為7條件下進(jìn)行60d牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵,按L9(34)安排試驗,研究不同處理對牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵重金屬Cd、Ni、Cu含量及形態(tài)的影響,探討不同處理對牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵累積產(chǎn)氣量、平均甲烷含量、牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵對重金屬鈍化能力和有效態(tài)比例影響。通過上述的試驗研究,得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)添加鈍化劑有利于牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵產(chǎn)氣量的增加;溫度和鈍化劑添加比例對累積產(chǎn)氣量有顯著影響,而鈍化劑種類對累積產(chǎn)氣量影響不顯著,通過分析得出容積產(chǎn)氣率最高的處理為溫度35℃條件下,添加5%海泡石的牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,容積產(chǎn)氣率達(dá)到0.285m3/m3·d。添加鈍化劑有利于提高甲烷含量,且溫度越高甲烷含量越高;溫度、鈍化劑種類和鈍化劑添加比例對甲烷含量均有極顯著影響,通過分析得出甲烷含量最高的處理為35℃條件下、添加5%海泡石牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,甲烷平均含量達(dá)到54.87%。(2)對于重金屬Cd,通過對比添加鈍化劑的處理、不加鈍化劑的處理(即空白處理)發(fā)現(xiàn),溫度、鈍化劑種類對重金屬Cd鈍化能力有極顯著影響,鈍化劑添加比例對重金屬Cd鈍化能力有顯著影響,通過分析得出對重金屬Cd鈍化能力最高的處理為溫度28℃C條件下,添加7.5%海泡石的牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,對重金屬Cd鈍化能力達(dá)到63.27%。溫度、鈍化劑種類對重金屬Cd有效態(tài)比例有極顯著影響,鈍化劑添加比例對金屬Cd有效態(tài)比例有顯著影響,通過分析得出牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵重金屬Cd有效態(tài)比例最低的處理為,35℃C條件下,添加2.5%鈣鎂磷肥的牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,重金屬Cd有效態(tài)比例為42.20%�？傮w來說,添加鈍化劑有利于促使牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵重金屬Cd趨向無害,重金屬Cd主要富集在沼渣中,沼渣中Cd比例在52.04%-75.64%之間。(3)對于重金屬Ni,通過對比添加鈍化劑的處理、不加鈍化劑的處理(即空白處理)發(fā)現(xiàn),溫度、鈍化劑種類對重金屬Ni鈍化能力有極顯著影響,而鈍化劑添加比例對重金屬Ni鈍化能力影響不顯著,通過分析得出重金屬Ni鈍化能力最高的處理為35℃條件下,添加5%海泡石的牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,對重金屬Ni鈍化能力達(dá)到45.76%。溫度、鈍化劑添加比例對重金屬Ni有效態(tài)比例有顯著影響,而鈍化劑種類對金屬Ni有效態(tài)比例有影響不顯著,通過分析得出牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵重金屬Ni有效態(tài)比例最低的處理為35℃條件下,添加5%海泡石的牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,重金屬Ni有效態(tài)比例為45.76%。總體來說,添加鈍化劑有利于促使牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵重金屬Ni趨向無害,重金屬Ni主要富集在沼渣中,沼渣中Ni比例在58.59%-70.16%之間。(4)對于重金屬Cu,通過對比添加鈍化劑的處理、不加鈍化劑的處理(即空白處理)發(fā)現(xiàn),溫度、鈍化劑添加比例對重金屬Cu鈍化能力有極顯著影響,鈍化劑種類對重金屬Cu鈍化能力有顯著影響,通過分析得出重金屬Cu鈍化能力最高的處理為28℃條件下,添加2.5%沸石的牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,對重金屬Cu鈍化能力達(dá)到60.19%。溫度、鈍化劑種類對重金屬Cu有效態(tài)比例有極顯著影響,而鈍化劑添加比例對金屬Cu有效態(tài)比例影響不顯著,通過分析得出牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵重金屬Cu有效態(tài)比例最低的處理為35℃C條件下,添加2.5%鈣鎂磷肥的牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵處理,重金屬Cu有效態(tài)比例為25.78%。總的來說,添加鈍化劑有利于促使牛糞厭氧發(fā)酵重金屬Cu趨向無害,重金屬Cu主要富集在沼渣中,沼渣中Cu比例在50.68%-62.92%之間。(5)各處理對重金屬Cd、Ni、Cu有效態(tài)鈍化效果分別為3.15%-30.73%、11.94%-76.89%、1.9%-80.99%。22℃條件下,最優(yōu)的處理為,添加5%沸石的處理對重金屬有效態(tài)鈍化效果順序為:CuNiCd。35℃條件下,較優(yōu)的處理為,添加7.5%沸石的處理和添加2.5%鈣鎂磷肥的處理,對有效態(tài)重金屬的鈍化效果順序為:CuNiCd。28℃條件下,最優(yōu)的處理為,添加2.5%沸石的處理對有效態(tài)重金屬的鈍化效果順序為:NiCuCd。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of livestock and poultry industry in China and the application of feed breeding method, the problem of heavy metal residues in livestock and poultry manure is increasingly serious. Anaerobic fermentation is an effective way to deal with livestock and poultry manure, and the effect of passivating agent on heavy metal in anaerobic fermentation of cow dung is seldom studied. Therefore, it is hoped that this study can control the pollution of heavy metals through this study. This experiment takes the heavy metal as the research object, taking the cow dung as the anaerobic fermentation material, adding 3 kinds of different kinds of heavy metal passivating agent to anaerobic fermentation. Through the orthogonal test, 3 factors are selected in the experiment, each factor is 3 levels, and the 3 factors are temperature respectively. (3 levels are 22 C, 28 C, 35 C C), the species of passivating agent (3 levels are zeolite, sepiolite, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer), and the proportion of passivating agent (3 levels are 5%, 2.5%, 7.5%) of the dry matter, respectively. The BCR extraction method is used to analyze the speciation of heavy metals, and three different passivating agents (zeolite, sepiolite, calcium magnesium phosphate) are used for anaerobic fermentation of cow dung. In order to provide a scientific basis for the safe and rational utilization of biogas slurry, the effects of gas production, methane content and heavy metal morphologic changes were provided. The anaerobic fermentation of 60d cow dung was carried out under the conditions of 30% inoculation, TS 10% and pH 7, and the contents of Cd, Ni, Cu in anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure were studied by L9 (34). The effects of different treatments on the cumulative gas yield of anaerobic fermentation of cow dung, the average methane content, the effect of the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung on the passivation capacity and the effective proportion of the heavy metal were investigated. The following main conclusions were obtained: (1) the addition of passivating agent was beneficial to the increase of the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung, and the addition of temperature and passivating agent. The ratio has a significant effect on the cumulative gas production, while the effect of the passivating agent on the cumulative gas production is not significant. Through the analysis, the treatment of the highest volume gas production rate is that the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung with 5% sepiolite is added under the condition of 35 degrees centigrade. The volume gas production rate is 0.285m3/m3. D. adding passivating agent is beneficial to increase the methane content, and the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is, the more the temperature is The higher the content of the methanane, the temperature, the type of passivating agent and the proportion of the passivating agent have great influence on the methane content. Through the analysis, the anaerobic fermentation of 5% sepiolite cow dung is added to the treatment of the highest methane content at 35. The average methane content is 54.87%. (2) to the heavy metal Cd, and the treatment of the passivating agent is added by contrast. Without the treatment of passivating agent (blank treatment), it is found that temperature and passivating agent have a significant effect on the passivation ability of heavy metal Cd, and the ratio of passivating agent has a significant influence on the passivation ability of heavy metal Cd. The treatment of the highest passivation ability of heavy metal Cd is that the anaerobic hair of cow dung adding 7.5% sepiolite is added to the temperature of 28 degrees C. The passivation capacity of heavy metal Cd reached 63.27%. temperature, and the species of passivating agent had a significant effect on the ratio of effective state of heavy metal Cd, and the proportion of passivating agent had a significant influence on the ratio of effective state of metal Cd. Through analysis, the treatment of the lowest effective proportion of heavy metal Cd in the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung was the addition of 2.5% calcium, magnesium and phosphorus under the condition of 35 C C. In the anaerobic fermentation of manure, the effective proportion of heavy metal Cd is 42.20%., and the addition of passivating agent is beneficial to the harmless heavy metal Cd in the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung, and the heavy metal Cd is mainly enriched in the biogas residue, and the proportion of Cd in the biogas residue is between 52.04%-75.64%. (3) the heavy gold belongs to Ni, and the passivating agent is not passivated by the treatment of the addition of passivating agent. The treatment (blank treatment) found that temperature and passivating agent have significant influence on the passivation ability of heavy metal Ni, while the proportion of passivating agent has no significant influence on the passivation ability of heavy metal Ni. The treatment of the highest passivation ability of heavy metal Ni is that the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung adding 5% sepiolite is treated under the condition of 35 degrees. The passivation capacity of Ni reached 45.76%. temperature, and the proportion of passivating agent had a significant effect on the effective state ratio of heavy metal Ni, while the species of passivating agent had no significant influence on the ratio of effective state of metal Ni. Through analysis, the treatment of the lowest effective proportion of heavy metal Ni in the anaerobic fermentation of cattle manure was 35 C, and 5% sepiolite was added to the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung. Treatment, the effective state ratio of heavy metal Ni is 45.76%. overall, the addition of passivating agent is beneficial to the harmless heavy metal Ni in the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung, and the heavy metal Ni is mainly enriched in the biogas residue, and the proportion of Ni in the biogas residue is between 58.59%-70.16%. (4) the treatment of heavy metal Cu, by contrast with the treatment of adding passivating agent, is not treated with the passivating agent (i.e. blank place). It is found that temperature and addition ratio of passivating agent have a significant effect on the passivation ability of heavy metal Cu. Passivating agent has a significant influence on the passivation ability of heavy metal Cu. Through analysis, the treatment of the highest passivation ability of heavy metal Cu is 28 C, adding 2.5% zeolite to oxy fermentation of cow dung, and the passivation ability of heavy metal Cu to 60.19%. Temperature, the type of passivating agent has a very significant influence on the effective state ratio of heavy metal Cu, while the proportion of passivating agent has no significant influence on the Cu effective proportion of metal. Through analysis, it is concluded that the lowest effective proportion of heavy metal Cu in the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung is 35 centigrade C, and 2.5% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is added to the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung, and the heavy metal Cu is effective. As a result of 25.78%., the addition of passivating agent is beneficial to the harmless heavy metal Cu in the anaerobic fermentation of cow dung, and the heavy metal Cu is mainly concentrated in the biogas residue, and the proportion of Cu in the biogas slag is 50.68%-62.92%. (5) the effective passivation effect of each treatment on heavy metals Cd, Ni and Cu is 3.15%-30.73%, 11.94%-76.89%, 1.9%-80.99%.22, respectively. The optimal treatment was that the effective passivation effect of adding 5% zeolite to the effective state of heavy metals was as follows: under the condition of CuNiCd.35 C, the better treatment was, the treatment of adding 7.5% zeolite and the treatment of adding 2.5% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the order of passivation effect to the effective heavy metals was as follows: the optimal treatment was at the condition of CuNiCd.28 C, and the treatment of adding 2.5% zeolite was the best treatment. The effective order of the passivation effect of the active heavy metals is: NiCuCd.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S216.4

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