本文選題：三角帆蚌 + 分子標記��； 參考：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)是我國特有的淡水育珠貝,也是我國最重要的珍珠蚌。本研究從三角帆蚌轉(zhuǎn)錄組文庫中開發(fā)了微衛(wèi)星分子標記,建立了多重PCR體系;利用分子標記技術(shù),結(jié)合分子遺傳學,從群體遺傳分析、生長性能比較和內(nèi)殼色遺傳分析等方面開展研究。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.三角帆蚌EST-SSR分子標記開發(fā)與多重PCR建立從已建立的三角帆蚌轉(zhuǎn)錄組文庫中挑選了110對微衛(wèi)星標記,篩選獲得38對多態(tài)性微衛(wèi)星標記,每個標記位點的等位基因數(shù)(Na)介于3~23之間,平均值為8.47;觀測雜合度(Ho)和期望雜合度(He)分別介于0.31~1.00和0.36~0.91之間,平均值分別為0.73和0.71;多態(tài)信息含量(PIC)介于0.31~0.85之間,平均值為0.67,其中9個位點表現(xiàn)為中度多態(tài)性(0.25PIC0.5),其余29個位點為高度多態(tài)性(PIC0.5);38個位點全部符合Hardy Weinberg平衡條件(P0.05)。利用Multiplex Manager version 1.0軟件,建立了三組四重PCR體系。2.三角帆蚌不同內(nèi)殼色群體生長性能比較和遺傳分析繁育三角帆蚌養(yǎng)殖群體,后代中出現(xiàn)了內(nèi)殼色為紫色、白色和黃色等多種顏色的個體。在3月齡和13月齡,分別對白色、黃色和紫色群體樣本,進行生長和內(nèi)殼色數(shù)據(jù)測量。結(jié)果表明:3月齡時期,三種殼色群體沒有在殼長、殼寬和體質(zhì)量方面表現(xiàn)出生長優(yōu)勢;13月齡時期,紫色和白色群體對黃色群體表現(xiàn)出殼長、殼寬和體質(zhì)量方面的生長優(yōu)勢,且白色和紫色群體之間的生長性能沒有產(chǎn)生顯著性差異。利用三組四重PCR體系分別對三種內(nèi)殼色群體進行遺傳分析,結(jié)果表明:黃色群體觀察雜合度(Ho)高于白色和紫色群體;紫色群體期望雜合度(He)和多態(tài)信息含量(PIC)都表現(xiàn)為最高;白色群體的雜合度(Ho和He)和多態(tài)信息含量(PIC)都表現(xiàn)為最低。三種殼色群體相比較,紫色群體遺傳多樣性最高,白色群體遺傳多樣性最低。利用MEGA 4.0軟件構(gòu)建了系統(tǒng)進化樹,結(jié)果表明:白色和黃色群體之間遺傳距離最小,紫色群體與黃色群體之間遺傳距離最大;白色群體和黃色群體先聚在一起,然后再和紫色群體聚在一起。3.三角帆蚌內(nèi)殼色遺傳規(guī)律分析以內(nèi)殼色為白色(W)和紫色(P)的選育系三角帆蚌為親本,開展雙列雜交實驗。結(jié)果表明:三角帆蚌的內(nèi)殼色能夠穩(wěn)定遺傳,白色是隱性性狀,紫色為顯性性狀,且白紫色性狀不存在母性遺傳;同時本研究推測三角帆蚌內(nèi)殼色的白紫色性狀是受主效基因控制的數(shù)量性狀,且殼色的表達受到生長環(huán)境的影響。
[Abstract]:Hyriopsis cumingii is one of the most important freshwater mussels in China. In this study, microsatellite molecular markers were developed from the transcriptome library of Hyriopsis cumingii, and multiple PCR systems were established. The comparison of growth performance and genetic analysis of inner shell color were carried out. The main research contents are as follows: 1. Development of EST-SSR Molecular Marker and multiple PCR Establishment of Hyriopsis cumingii 110 pairs of microsatellite markers were selected from the established transcripts library of Hyriopsis cumingii. 38 pairs of polymorphic microsatellite markers were obtained. The mean value is 8.47; the observed heterozygosity (HoA) and the expected heterozygosity (HeH) are between 0.31 ~ 1.00 and 0.36 ~ (0.91), respectively, and the average values are 0.73 and 0.71, respectively, and the polymorphic information content (Pi) is between 0.31 and 0.85, respectively. The mean value was 0.67, of which 9 were moderately polymorphic, 29 were highly polymorphic, and 38 were in accordance with the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium condition (P0.05). Using Multiplex Manager version 1.0 software, three groups of quaternion PCR system. 2. 2. Comparison of growth performance and genetic analysis of different inner shell color populations of Hyriopsis cumingii (Hyriopsis cumingii) breeding population of Hyriopsis cumingii showed that individuals with purple, white and yellow inner shell colors appeared in their offspring. At the age of 3 months and 13 months, the growth and inner shell color of white, yellow and purple population samples were measured. The results showed that at the age of 3 months, the three color populations had no growth advantage in terms of shell length, shell width and body mass. The purple and white populations had the advantages of shell length, shell width and body mass to yellow population at the age of 13 months. There was no significant difference in growth performance between white and purple populations. Genetic analysis of three inner shell color populations was carried out by using three groups of four-fold PCR system. The results showed that the observed heterozygosity of yellow population was higher than that of white and purple populations, the expected heterozygosity of purple population was higher than that of white population, and the content of polymorphic information was the highest in purple population. The heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (Pi) of white population were the lowest. The genetic diversity of purple population was the highest, and that of white population was the lowest. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MEGA 4.0 software. The results show that the genetic distance between white and yellow populations is the smallest, the genetic distance between purple population and yellow population is the largest, and the white population and yellow population gather together first. And then get together with the purple group. 3. Genetic Analysis of Inner Shell Color of Hyriopsis cumingii A diallel cross experiment was carried out with the breeding line of Hyriopsis cumingii with inner shell color as white (W) and purple Pu () as parent. The results showed that the inner shell color of Hyriopsis cumingii was stable, white was recessive, purple was dominant, and white purple had no maternal inheritance. At the same time, we speculated that the white purple character of inner shell color of Hyriopsis cumingii was a quantitative character controlled by main effector gene, and the expression of shell color was affected by growth environment.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S917.4

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