本文選題：改良劑 + 土壤酸化　； 參考：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：廬山云霧茶不僅是江西省的傳統(tǒng)名茶,更是我國十大名茶之一,屬于綠茶中的一種。近年來,由于酸雨加劇、茶樹自身代謝作用和施肥管理等問題,導(dǎo)致茶園土壤酸化、養(yǎng)分失衡及流失等問題,影響茶葉品質(zhì)。因此,論文調(diào)查研究了不同海拔茶園土壤的肥力水平和酸化情況,探明了不同海拔高度廬山云霧茶茶園土壤-茶葉系統(tǒng)的部分生理指標(biāo)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律。并針對(duì)廬山云霧茶茶園土壤酸化現(xiàn)狀及養(yǎng)分豐缺情況對(duì)廬山云霧茶園進(jìn)行改良的研究,為提高茶園土壤肥力,防止茶園土壤酸化提供理論和實(shí)踐依據(jù)。本文以廬山云霧茶茶產(chǎn)區(qū)作為研究對(duì)象的結(jié)果表明:(1)廬山海拔300m、700m、1100m茶園土壤的pH處于4.83~5.13之間,不同海拔茶園土壤的pH值隨著海拔的升高而降低。茶園土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)在1.8%-3.3%之間,堿解氮含量處于49.44-84.81mg/kg之間,速效磷含量在1.14-2.33mg/kg之間,調(diào)查區(qū)域內(nèi)的茶園總體土壤肥力水平均低于高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)茶園指標(biāo)。茶園土壤重金屬Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量變化區(qū)間分別為19.73~39.63mg·kg-1,66.20~86.80mg·kg-1,31.03~50.31mg·kg-1,0.24~0.35mg·kg-1,土壤重金屬綜合污染指數(shù)都小于0.7,說明這些茶園的土壤未被污染。廬山茶園的茶葉Cu、Pb和Cd含量均符合有機(jī)茶標(biāo)準(zhǔn),不存在超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象。茶葉中的重金屬Cu的含量隨海拔的變化趨勢(shì)不明顯,茶葉中的Zn含量隨海拔升高顯著增加。不同海拔的廬山云霧茶Se含量在0.11~0.14mg/kg,茶葉硒含量較高。(2)生物炭、生物調(diào)理劑、石灰石、白云石、麥飯石、過氧化鈣和石灰石生物炭混合改良劑等改良土壤的室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在改良劑用量不變的條件下,改良劑對(duì)土壤pH的改良效果依次為:石灰石+生物炭石灰石白云石生物調(diào)理劑過氧化鈣麥飯石生物炭。對(duì)于同種改良劑而言,劑量越大改良效果越好。(0.75g/kg+2.5g/kg)石灰石和生物炭混合改良劑以及(3.75g/kg)生物調(diào)理劑的改良效果較好,土壤pH值分別為5.79、5.73。改良劑對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的增長影響不大。(3)在上述茶園土壤酸化改良實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行土壤肥力改良,結(jié)果表明,枯餅(1.65g/kg),枯餅(3.3g/kg);石灰石(0.75g/kg)+0.25g/kg過磷酸鈣;生物炭(2.5g/kg)+0.25g/kg過磷酸鈣;生物調(diào)理劑(3.75g/kg)+0.25g/kg過磷酸鈣;生物炭+石灰石(2.5+0.75g/kg)+0.25g/kg過磷酸鈣處理對(duì)土壤肥力改良效果較好。土壤pH處于5.0-5.5之間,達(dá)到高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)茶園水平。土壤的養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)都有極大提高,土壤養(yǎng)分有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效磷、堿解氮分別提高了25%-39%、38%-74%、7%-13%。土壤改良效果較為理想。(4)野外大田實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:改良劑材料不僅能提高酸化茶園土壤的pH,也會(huì)極顯著提高土壤養(yǎng)分含量,對(duì)茶樹的生長也有促進(jìn)作用,與室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果大致相符。綜合比較幾種處理后的土壤養(yǎng)分指標(biāo)和茶葉的生理指標(biāo)及重金屬含量。2.5g/kg生物炭+0.75g/kg石灰石+0.25g/kg過磷酸鈣處理改良效果最好,將茶園土壤pH調(diào)節(jié)到5.49(茶樹生長最適pH5.5),對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分的貢獻(xiàn)也較理想,有機(jī)質(zhì)、速效磷、堿解氮、CEC含量分別達(dá)5.49、49.50mg/kg、2.77mg/kg、89.08mg/kg、22.16cmol/kg,達(dá)到優(yōu)質(zhì)茶園的水平。茶葉的葉綠素,酶活性含量有明顯提高,茶樹生長旺盛,茶葉的重金屬含量較對(duì)照處理有顯著降低,茶葉品質(zhì)明顯提高。
[Abstract]:Mount Lu Yun fog tea is not only the traditional famous tea in Jiangxi Province, but also one of the ten famous tea in China. It is one of the kinds of green tea. In recent years, because of the aggravation of the acid rain, the metabolism of the tea tree itself and the management of fertilization, the soil acidification, the imbalance of nutrient and the loss of the tea and so on, which affect the quality of tea. Therefore, the paper has investigated and studied the different altitude. The soil fertility level and acidification of the tea garden soil, the dynamic changes of some physiological indexes of the soil tea system of the Mount Lu cloud fog tea tea garden at different altitudes are explored. The improvement of the soil acidification and the nutrient abundance of the Mount Lu tea garden in Mount Lu is studied to improve the soil fertility of the tea garden and prevent the tea garden. The soil acidification of tea garden provides theoretical and practical basis. In this paper, the result of the study of Mount Lu cloud fog tea producing area shows that: (1) the pH of the soil of 300m, 700m, 1100m tea garden at the altitude of Mount Lu is between 4.83~5.13, the pH value of the tea garden soil at different altitudes decreases with the elevation of altitude. The organic matter content of the tea garden soil is between 1.8%-3.3%, The content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is between 49.44-84.81mg/kg, and the content of available phosphorus is between 1.14-2.33mg/kg. The total soil fertility level in the tea garden in the investigation area is lower than that of high yield and high quality tea garden. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the tea garden soil are 19.73~39.63mg. Kg-1,66.20~86.80mg. Kg-1,31.03~50.31mg. Kg-1,0.24~0.35mg respectively. Kg-1, the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals in soil is less than 0.7, which indicates that the soil of the tea garden is not polluted. The contents of tea Cu, Pb and Cd in the tea garden of Mount Lu are all in conformity with the standard of organic tea. The content of Cu in the tea leaves is not obvious with the elevation of the altitude, and the content of Zn in tea increases with the elevation. The Se content of Mount Lu cloud fog tea at the altitude of 0.11~0.14mg/kg, tea selenium content is high. (2) biological charcoal, biological conditioner, limestone, dolomite, wheat rice stone, calcium peroxide and limestone bio carbon mixed improver and other improved soil laboratory culture experiment results show that the improvement agent on the soil pH improvement effect under the condition of the amelioration agent is constant The results are as follows: Limestone + Biocharcoal limestone biological conditioner of calcium peroxide calcium peroxide biological carbon. For the same modifier, the better the improvement effect. (0.75g/kg+2.5g/kg) the improvement effect of limestone and biological carbon mixture and (3.75g/kg) biological conditioner is better, and the soil pH value is improved by 5.79,5.73., respectively. (3) on the basis of soil acidification experiment in the tea garden, the soil fertility improvement was carried out. The results showed that 1.65g/kg, 3.3g/kg; 0.75g/kg +0.25g/kg superphosphate; 2.5g/kg +0.25g/kg superphosphate; biological conditioner (3.75g/kg) +0.25g/kg superphosphate; the biological conditioner (3.75g/kg) +0.25g/kg superphosphate; The effect of carbon + limestone (2.5+0.75g/kg) +0.25g/kg Superphosphate on soil fertility improvement is better. Soil pH is between 5.0-5.5, high yield and high quality tea garden level. The soil nutrient index is greatly improved, soil nutrient organic matter, available phosphorus, alkali hydrolysable nitrogen are improved 25%-39%, 38%-74%, 7%-13%. improvement effect is more ideal. (4) the field experiment results show that the amelioration material can not only improve the pH of the soil of the acidified tea garden, but also greatly increase the soil nutrient content and promote the growth of the tea tree, which is approximately consistent with the results of the laboratory culture experiment. The nutrient indexes of soil soil after treatment and the physiological indexes of tea and the content of heavy metals are compared. .2.5g/kg bio carbon +0.75g/kg limestone +0.25g/kg superphosphate treatment improved the best effect, the tea garden soil pH adjustment to 5.49 (the optimum growth of tea tree pH5.5), the contribution of soil nutrients is more ideal, organic matter, available phosphorus, alkali nitrogen, CEC content, respectively, 5.49,49.50mg/kg, 2.77mg/kg, 89.08mg/kg, 22.16cmol/kg, to achieve the quality of the tea garden level The content of chlorophyll and enzyme activity of tea increased obviously, and the growth of tea plant was vigorous. The heavy metal content of tea decreased significantly compared with that of the control, and the quality of tea increased obviously.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S571.1

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