本文選題：飼用高粱 + 高粱蚜類　； 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高粱是世界上廣泛種植的第五大谷類作物,也是中國重要最早栽培的禾谷類作物之一。高粱蚜蟲會嚴重影響高粱產(chǎn)量且具有很大破壞性。隨著高粱的推廣和種植面積的不斷擴大,蚜蟲危害造成高粱產(chǎn)量損失的問題日益嚴重。本研究在綜述國內(nèi)外高粱及高粱蚜蟲研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎上,系統(tǒng)調(diào)查了甘肅蘭州種植飼用高粱的蚜蟲種群動態(tài),結(jié)合2種方法對14個飼用高粱品種的抗蚜性進行了鑒定,并研究了3個不同溫度下麥二叉蚜實驗種群生命表。主要結(jié)果如下:1.14種飼用高粱品種的抗蚜性鑒定為明確不同飼用高粱品種的抗蚜特性,在大田以自然混合種群(禾谷縊管蚜Rhpalosiphum padi(L)、麥長管蚜Sitobion avenae(Febricius)和麥二叉蚜Schhizaphid graminum(Rondani))為試蟲,采用蚜量比值法和蚜害指數(shù)法,鑒定并評價了14個飼用高粱品種的田間抗蚜性。結(jié)果表明:以蚜害指數(shù)法為測定標準,絕佳(17.78)、3180(15.56)、牧樂8000(16.67)和大卡(18.89)表現(xiàn)為中抗;3180除與其他4個品種之間差異不顯著外,顯著低于其他品種;遼甜3號(21.11)和2180(25.56)表現(xiàn)為低抗;日本飼用高粱(32.22)、大力士(33.33)、遼甜5號(35.56)、1990(35.56)和4180(38.89)表現(xiàn)為低感;1230(46.67)和1180(45.56)表現(xiàn)為中感;帕卡(57.78)表現(xiàn)為高感,顯著高于其他品種(P0.05)。2.飼用高粱田間混合蚜蟲數(shù)量消長與空間動態(tài)為明確在甘肅蘭州栽培的飼用高粱上混合蚜蟲種群的發(fā)生規(guī)律和分布特征,為當?shù)匮料x防治提供理論依據(jù)。在2016年5月至10月,采用定點、定株系統(tǒng)調(diào)查的方式,記錄了田間不同種類蚜蟲的數(shù)量動態(tài)。并用擴散系數(shù)法、負二項分布K值法、C值法和平均擁擠度法綜合對混合蚜蟲種群的空間動態(tài)進行了分析。結(jié)果表明,飼用高粱種植試驗地混合蚜蟲種群在高粱各生育期均有發(fā)生,且各品種的數(shù)量動態(tài)有很大差別。2016年調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示,禾谷縊管蚜在高粱成熟期前為優(yōu)勢種,峰值為百株4616頭。麥二叉蚜在高粱開花期后為優(yōu)勢種,峰值為百株2435頭�；旌涎料x種群在高粱田間始終呈聚集分布,聚集度呈擴散-聚集-在擴散-再聚集的趨勢。3.不同溫度下麥二叉蚜的實驗種群生命表為明確溫度對麥二叉蚜生長發(fā)育的影響,利用生命表技術(shù)在實驗室人工氣候箱設置光周期16L:8D條件下,研究了15℃、20℃和25℃條件下麥二叉蚜的各項生命參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:麥二叉蚜凈增值率(R0)、內(nèi)稟增長率(rm)和周限增長率(λ)均隨著溫度的上升而增加。25℃時,內(nèi)稟增長率最高為0.231,3個溫度下內(nèi)稟增長率(rm)數(shù)值間差異顯著。25℃時,周限增長率(λ)最高為1.260,15℃和20℃數(shù)值間差異不顯著。25℃時,凈增值率(R0)最高為20.783,3個溫度數(shù)值間差異不顯著。平均世代周期(T)和種群加倍天數(shù)(t)隨溫度上升而縮短。25℃時,平均時代周期(T)和種群加倍天數(shù)(t)最短,分別為13.115和2.157。3個溫度下平均時代周期(T)數(shù)值差異顯著;15℃和20℃加倍天數(shù)(t)數(shù)值差異不顯著(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Sorghum is the fifth largest cereal crop widely planted in the world and is one of the most important and earliest cultivated cereal crops in China. Sorghum aphids can seriously affect sorghum yield and are very destructive. With the spread of sorghum and the continuous expansion of planting area, the problem of the loss of sorghum yield caused by aphids is becoming more and more serious. On the basis of summarizing the research status of sorghum and sorghum aphids at home and abroad, the aphids population dynamics of forage sorghum in Lanzhou, Gansu Province were investigated systematically, and the aphid resistance of 14 forage sorghum varieties was identified by combining two methods. The life table of the experimental population of wheat aphid was studied at three different temperatures. The main results were as follows: the aphid resistance of 14 forage sorghum varieties was identified as follows: aphid resistance of different forage sorghum varieties was identified. Natural mixed populations (Rhpalosiphum padidii, Sitobion avenaeae Febriciusand Schhizaphid graminum Rondanius) were used as test insects in the field. The field aphids resistance of 14 forage sorghum varieties were identified and evaluated by aphids ratio method and aphid damage index method. The results showed that the index of aphid damage was significantly lower than that of the other cultivars except for the other four cultivars, and the results showed that the index of aphid damage was significantly lower than that of the other cultivars, and that of Liaotian 3 (21.11) and 218025.56) was lower than that of the other four varieties (P < 0.01), and that of Moula (8000,16.67) and Daka (18.89) was significantly lower than that of the other four varieties (P < 0.05). Japanese forage sorghum (32.22), Herb Rhizoma 33.33, Liaotian No. 5 (35.56 / 1990) and 4180 (38.89)) showed moderate sensitivity (1230 ~ 46.67) and 1180 ~ (45.56)), Parka-57.78), which were significantly higher than that of other varieties (P _ (0.05N) 路2). The variation and spatial dynamics of mixed aphids in the field of forage sorghum were determined to determine the occurrence and distribution characteristics of mixed aphids on the forage sorghum cultivated in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, and to provide a theoretical basis for the control of local aphids. From May to October 2016, the population dynamics of different species of aphids in the field were recorded by fixed plant system survey. The spatial dynamics of mixed aphids were analyzed by diffusion coefficient method, negative binomial distribution K value method and average crowding method. The results showed that the mixed aphids occurred in all growth stages of sorghum in forage sorghum field, and the number dynamics of each variety varied greatly. The data of 2016 investigation showed that the aphid was the dominant species in sorghum before the mature stage of sorghum. The peak value was 4616 plants. It was the dominant species after the flowering stage of sorghum, with a peak value of 2435. The population of mixed aphids in sorghum field always showed aggregation distribution, and the aggregation degree showed the tendency of diffusion-agglomeration, diffusion-re-aggregation. The life table of the experimental population of wheat diaphis at different temperatures was used to determine the effect of temperature on the growth and development of the aphid. The life table technique was used to set the photoperiod 16L:8D in the laboratory artificial climate box. The life parameters of wheat diaphis at 15 鈩，

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