發(fā)布時間：2018-04-24 20:40

  本文選題：葡萄埋藤機(jī) + 離散單元法　； 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著人們對生活質(zhì)量的要求逐漸提高,葡萄作為一種含有豐富的微量元素,營養(yǎng)價值高的健康、綠色水果,其種植面積不斷增大,是寧夏最重要的特色產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,寧夏現(xiàn)已成為重要的葡萄種植和生產(chǎn)地。由于寧夏冬季氣溫較低,為了防止葡萄藤的凍傷及風(fēng)干,需采取越冬性保護(hù)措施,即秋末將葡萄剪枝后下架,并將葡萄藤掩埋起來,因此實現(xiàn)埋藤機(jī)械化具有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,同時也是解決葡萄產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的前提條件。針對寧夏已推廣使用的機(jī)具存在碎土效果較差、拋土距離低、作業(yè)效率低等問題,通過調(diào)研埋藤農(nóng)藝要求以及現(xiàn)已使用的機(jī)具情況,運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代設(shè)計方法和理論,采用計算機(jī)輔助技術(shù),設(shè)計了一種旋拋式葡萄埋藤機(jī),完成了機(jī)具各個裝置的選型和關(guān)鍵零部件的設(shè)計;針對犁體耕作時受力狀況的復(fù)雜性,將犁體進(jìn)行簡化,分析了小前犁與土壤相互作用的受力情況;并對犁體和拋土圓盤的作業(yè)過程進(jìn)行了仿真分析;最后對研制的埋藤機(jī)進(jìn)行了田間性能試驗。本論文的主要研究工作和結(jié)論如下:(1)運(yùn)用SolidWorks三維軟件完成了旋拋式埋藤機(jī)各部件建模和整機(jī)的設(shè)計,埋藤機(jī)由機(jī)架、三角掛接架、罩殼、拋土圓盤、犁體等組成,拖拉機(jī)提供動力進(jìn)而驅(qū)動圓盤刀軸旋轉(zhuǎn),實現(xiàn)一次性挖土、松土、切土、取土、碎土、拋土、埋藤作業(yè)。(2)利用ANASYS分析軟件對拋土刀片進(jìn)行了應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分析,基于分析結(jié)果對刀片的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),確保取土、碎土、拋土過程中刀片具有足夠的結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度。(3)分析與計算了犁體與土壤相互作用的受力情況,利用MATLAB軟件對犁體牽引阻力進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,相對于計算結(jié)果,優(yōu)化后的牽引阻力值5183N在計算結(jié)果范圍之內(nèi),說明回歸方程與優(yōu)化結(jié)果是有效并可行的。(4)基于離散單元法對拋土圓盤和犁體的耕作過程進(jìn)行了仿真,分析了圓盤在轉(zhuǎn)速分別為150r/min、200r/min、250r/min下的碎土率、拋土距離等性能的變化情況,以及不同作業(yè)速度和耕作深度下犁體的阻力及土壤顆粒運(yùn)動變化趨勢,分析結(jié)果表明當(dāng)圓盤轉(zhuǎn)速為250r/min時拋土距離為81.09cm,犁體耕作阻力隨著作業(yè)深度和作業(yè)速度的增大而增大。(5)對機(jī)具進(jìn)行了樣機(jī)試制和田間性能試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明,拋土距離為86cm,碎土率為99%,能夠完成碎土、埋藤作業(yè)要求,具有碎土率高、拋土性能好等特點,整機(jī)設(shè)計達(dá)到葡萄埋藤作業(yè)要求,滿足埋藤農(nóng)藝要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of people's quality of life, grape, as a healthy and green fruit with rich trace elements and high nutritional value, is growing in growing area, which is one of the most important characteristic industries in Ningxia. Ningxia has become an important place to grow and produce grapes. Because of the low temperature in winter in Ningxia, in order to prevent frostbite and air drying of grapevines, it is necessary to take overwintering protection measures, that is, to remove grape after cutting and burying grapevines at the end of autumn, so it is economic benefit to realize mechanization of grapevine burying. At the same time, it is the precondition to solve the sustainable development of grape industry. In view of the problems of poor soil breaking effect, low distance of throwing soil and low working efficiency of the machinery and tools that have been popularized and used in Ningxia, the modern design methods and theories are used through investigation and investigation of the requirements of burying rattan agronomy and the situation of machinery and tools used now. In this paper, a kind of rotating and throwing grape burying machine is designed by using computer aided technology, the selection of each device and the design of key parts are completed, and the plow body is simplified in view of the complexity of the force condition in plough tillage. The interaction between small front plough and soil was analyzed, the operation process of plough and soil disc was simulated, and the field performance test of the burying machine was carried out. The main research work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the modeling and the design of the whole machine are completed by using SolidWorks software. The burying machine consists of a frame, a triangular hanging frame, a shell, a soil throwing disc, a plough, etc. The tractor provides the power and then drives the rotation of the disc cutter axis to realize the one-time excavating, loosening, cutting soil, taking soil, breaking soil, throwing soil, burying rattan. 2) using ANASYS analysis software to analyze the stress and strain of the blade. Based on the analysis results, the structural parameters of the blade are improved to ensure that the blade has sufficient structural strength in the process of collecting soil, crushing soil and throwing soil.) the interaction between plough and soil is analyzed and calculated. MATLAB software was used to optimize the traction resistance of plough body. Compared with the calculated results, the optimized traction resistance value of 5183N was within the range of the calculated results. The results show that the regression equation and optimization results are effective and feasible. (4) based on discrete element method, the tillage process of cast soil disc and plough is simulated, and the change of soil fragmentation rate, soil throwing distance and so on are analyzed at the rotational speed of 150 r / min / min / min ~ 250 r / min, respectively. The resistance of plough and the change trend of soil particle movement under different operating speed and tillage depth, The results show that the distance of throwing soil is 81.09 cm when the rotating speed of disk is 250r/min, and the plow tillage resistance increases with the increase of working depth and working speed. The distance of throwing soil is 86 cm and the rate of broken soil is 99 cm. It can fulfill the requirements of breaking soil and burying rattan, and has the characteristics of high rate of broken soil and good performance of throwing soil. The whole machine can meet the requirements of grape and rattan operation and meet the requirements of buried rattan agronomy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S224

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