本文選題：Micro-CT + 苗缽-根系��； 參考：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著工廠化育苗和穴盤育苗的推廣,我國加強(qiáng)了對(duì)移栽機(jī)械的關(guān)注,但是目前國內(nèi)還沒有投用于生產(chǎn)的全自動(dòng)蔬菜移栽機(jī),限制其發(fā)展的主要問題是已有的移栽機(jī)械缺少與穴盤苗的適應(yīng)性、取苗爪與苗缽作用機(jī)理不清,機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與育苗工藝不相符合。對(duì)于這個(gè)問題,本文對(duì)穴盤苗苗缽的根系結(jié)構(gòu)、力學(xué)特性、生長(zhǎng)特性、取苗質(zhì)量等方面進(jìn)行研究,優(yōu)化了取苗末端執(zhí)行器和育苗工藝。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容概括如下:(1)以番茄穴盤苗為研究對(duì)象,探索苗缽和根系三維重建的方法、測(cè)量并驗(yàn)證番茄穴盤苗結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。試驗(yàn)得到適合番茄穴盤苗的Micro-CT掃描參數(shù)為掃描電壓、掃描電流、掃描體素分別為55 kVp,72μA,45μm;根系模型空間位置最大、最小相對(duì)誤差分別為12.105%、4.419%,根長(zhǎng)度和根角度的平均相對(duì)誤差分別為3.68%、5.56%;根系主要參數(shù)根體積、主根長(zhǎng)度、根基部直徑的相對(duì)誤差分別為3.85%、3.34%、3.05%,對(duì)兩獨(dú)立樣本進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn)(α=0.05),根體積、主根長(zhǎng)度、根基部直徑的p值均大于顯著性水平0.05,即CT模型根體積、主根長(zhǎng)度、根基部直徑和實(shí)測(cè)苗缽根體積、主根長(zhǎng)度、根基部直徑平均值無顯著差異;因此,Micro-CT重建的穴盤苗缽體模型和根系模型在空間位置、參數(shù)測(cè)量方面均可靠。(2)基于CT根系模型,探索穴盤苗根系空間分布規(guī)律,分析不同育苗參數(shù)下苗缽的根系分布特點(diǎn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:根體積、根分層密度在垂直方向上的分布呈現(xiàn)二次拋物線規(guī)律;在水平方向上,根系體積呈現(xiàn)二次拋物線的趨勢(shì),而根系分層密度是四次多項(xiàng)式分布規(guī)律;運(yùn)用正交試驗(yàn)分析基質(zhì)配比(草炭、蛭石和珍珠巖的體積比)、壓實(shí)度(基質(zhì)填充體積:穴盤體積)、施肥次數(shù)對(duì)穴盤苗根系垂直方向分布特點(diǎn)、水平方向分布特點(diǎn)、苗缽力學(xué)特性等的影響,綜合考慮穴盤苗根系垂直方向分布特點(diǎn)、水平方向分布特點(diǎn)、苗缽力學(xué)特性等指標(biāo),發(fā)現(xiàn)適合夾取的穴盤苗培育方案是:基質(zhì)配比為草炭:蛭石:珍珠巖為3:1:1,施肥次數(shù)為3次,壓實(shí)度為1。(3)基于番茄穴盤苗根系空間分布、力學(xué)特性等因素進(jìn)行取苗末端執(zhí)行器設(shè)計(jì)和優(yōu)化。根據(jù)取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理、根系分布對(duì)夾取參數(shù)的影響,確定了邊入邊夾的取苗方式;綜合考慮取苗末端執(zhí)行器的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、番茄穴盤苗的根系空間分布特點(diǎn)、苗缽拉拔力F與缽體夾持變形量的關(guān)系,對(duì)取苗末端執(zhí)行器的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。(4)基于穴盤苗根系空間分布、力學(xué)特性、生長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和取苗質(zhì)量的育苗工藝優(yōu)化。分別在不同有效積溫下,按照以基質(zhì)配比、壓實(shí)度、施肥次數(shù)為因素的正交試驗(yàn)培育穴盤苗,對(duì)苗缽生長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量和取苗質(zhì)量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果顯示:在有效積溫為707.82℃時(shí),穴盤苗壯苗指數(shù)最大、取苗質(zhì)量最好;針對(duì)有效積溫為707.82℃時(shí)的穴盤苗,對(duì)不同育苗參數(shù)下的穴盤苗進(jìn)行多指標(biāo)(根系空間分布、力學(xué)特性、壯苗指數(shù)和取苗成功率)綜合評(píng)分,確定了兼顧移栽性能和苗缽質(zhì)量的最佳育苗參數(shù)為A3 C3 B1(草炭:蛭石:珍珠巖=3:1:1,施肥次數(shù)3次,壓實(shí)度為1)。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of plant seedling raising and seedling raising, our country has strengthened the attention to transplanting machinery, but at present, the automatic vegetable transplanter has not been put into production in China. The main problem that restricts its development is the lack of adaptability of the existing transplanting machinery to the hole plate seedlings, the mechanism of taking seedling claws and seedling pots is not clear, and the mechanism design and seedling raising are made. For this problem, this paper studies the root structure, mechanical properties, growth characteristics, and seedling quality of the seedling bowl of the acupoint seedlings. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the method of three dimensional reconstruction of the seedling bowl and root system was explored, and the method of measuring the three dimensional reconstruction of the seedling bowl and root system was explored. The Micro-CT scanning voltage, scanning current and scanning voxel were 55 kVp, 72 A and 45 m respectively, and the space position of root model was the largest, the minimum relative error was 12.105%, 4.419%, and the average relative error of root length and root angle was 3.68%, 5.56, respectively, 5.56. The relative errors of root volume, main root length and base diameter were 3.85%, 3.34%, 3.05%, respectively, and t test (alpha =0.05) for two independent samples. The root volume, the length of the root and the base diameter were all greater than that of the significant level 0.05, that is, the root volume of the CT model, the root length, the base diameter and the measured root length, and the length of the main root. There was no significant difference between the average diameter and the average diameter of the base. Therefore, the Micro-CT rebuilt model and the root model were all reliable in the space position and the parameter measurement. (2) based on the CT root model, the spatial distribution of the root system of the acupoint seedlings was explored and the root distribution characteristics of the seedlings were analyzed under different seedling parameters. The experimental results showed that the root volume and root were the root volume. The distribution of the stratified density in the vertical direction presents two parabolic laws. In the horizontal direction, the root volume presents the two parabola trend, and the root layer density is the four polynomial distribution law; the orthogonal test is used to analyze the matrix ratio (the volume ratio of the peat, vermiculite and perlite), and the degree of compaction (the volume of the matrix filling: the volume of the cavern). The effect of fertilization times on the vertical distribution of the root system, the distribution characteristics of the horizontal direction, the mechanical properties of the seedling bowl, and the characteristics of the vertical distribution of the root system, the horizontal direction distribution and the mechanical properties of the seedling bowl were taken into consideration, and the cultivation scheme of the acupoint seedlings suitable for the clip was found that the matrix ratio was the Peat: vermiculite: Pearl The number of fertilizer was 3:1:1, the number of fertilization was 3 times, the degree of compaction was 1. (3) based on the spatial distribution of root system of tomato seedlings, and the design and optimization of the end actuator were taken. According to the working principle of the seedling mechanism, the effect of the root distribution on the clip parameters, the method of taking the seedlings of the edge clip was determined, and the end actuator of the seedling was taken into consideration. The structure characteristics, the spatial distribution characteristics of the root system of tomato seedlings, the relationship between the pulling force F of the seedling bowl and the deformation of the bowl body, optimize the structure parameters of the end effector of the seedling. (4) optimize the nursery technology based on the spatial distribution of the root system, the mechanical properties, the growth quality and the quality of the seedlings. The growth quality and seedling quality of the seedling bowl were statistically analyzed by orthogonal test of matrix ratio, degree of compaction and number of fertilizing times. The results showed that when the effective accumulated temperature was 707.82, the index of the seedlings was the largest and the quality of the seedlings was the best. The multiple indexes (root space distribution, mechanical properties, seedling index and seedling success rate) were evaluated synthetically, and the optimum breeding parameters of the seedlings were A3 C3 B1 (peat: vermiculite: Perlite =3:1:1, 3 times of fertilization and 1 compactness).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S223.9

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