本文選題：氮肥運籌 + 旱地春玉米�。� 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為探討氮肥運籌對寧夏旱地地膜春玉米養(yǎng)分運移及產(chǎn)量形成的影響規(guī)律,以先玉698為材料,選用普通尿素和控釋尿素兩種肥料類型,采用5個氮肥運籌處理的單因素隨機區(qū)組設(shè)計,研究了氮肥運籌對旱地地膜春玉米生長發(fā)育、氮代謝關(guān)鍵酶活性、干物質(zhì)及養(yǎng)分積累分配特性、產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素的影響。結(jié)果表明:1.合理的氮肥運籌能顯著促進玉米生長�？蒯屇蛩靥幚鞹2、T3、T4的總干物質(zhì)積累量較CK和T1處理分別增加18.82%、26.38%、20.02%和9.92%、16.61%、10.76%;根系活力也顯著較高。同時合理的氮肥運籌在玉米根系的水平分布和垂直分布上都能顯著提高根長密度、根重密度及根體積,T3(75kg/hm2普通尿素配比150kg/hm2控釋尿素的氮肥運籌)處理更有利于促進根系的生長,進而有利于玉米整株生長發(fā)育。2.合理的氮肥運籌能顯著增加玉米抗氧化酶及氮代謝關(guān)鍵酶活性。T2、T3、T4的NRA活性較 CK 和 T1 處理分別增加 45.06%、50.50%、45.72%和 7.28%、10.74%、7.48%;GSA 活性分別增加66.34%、78.78%、73.21%和27.22%、33.66%、29.70%。同時,玉米的抗氧化酶活性也均表現(xiàn)出不同程度的提高,說明合理的氮肥運籌能在一定程度上緩解干旱對春玉米影響。3.在玉米干物質(zhì)積累分配及運轉(zhuǎn)中,營養(yǎng)生長期主要分配在葉片和莖稈中,到抽雄期后,干物質(zhì)的分配開始轉(zhuǎn)向穗和籽粒,葉鞘和莖稈中的干物質(zhì)逐漸降低穗轉(zhuǎn)移,最終都轉(zhuǎn)向籽粒,控釋尿素處理顯著高于對照和T1。各器官干物質(zhì)對籽粒的貢獻率為:葉片莖鞘,其中T2、T3、T4處理花前貢獻率分別達19.92%、21.95%和22.40%,有利于促進玉米干物質(zhì)運轉(zhuǎn)至籽粒。4.合理的氮肥運籌能顯著提高玉米養(yǎng)分積累吸收、分配及運轉(zhuǎn),表現(xiàn)為T2、T3、T4處理的氮素積累分配高于CK和T1處理�？蒯屇蛩靥幚硐碌牡剞D(zhuǎn)移量(率)和貢獻率大小均高于其他處理,也表現(xiàn)為葉片莖鞘。肥料利用率方面,以75kg/hm2普通尿素和150kg/hm2控釋尿素混合配施處理的偏生產(chǎn)力PEP、農(nóng)學(xué)利用率AE、生理利用率PE及回收利用率RE表現(xiàn)最好,分別達 56.67%、35.91%、45.86%和 49.80%,收獲指數(shù) HI 為 29.94%。5.在不同氮肥運籌處理下玉米產(chǎn)量大小的表現(xiàn)順序為T3T4T2T1CK,T3處理顯著較對照CK和T1處理增加36.97%和12.57%。在產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素中,控釋尿素處理都較CK和T1處理表現(xiàn)出不同程度的增加,其中最主要的構(gòu)成因素百粒重中,T2、T3、T4處理較CK和T1處理分別提高 12.78%、15.27%、10.90%和 9.17%、11.61%、7.41%,T3(75kg/hm2普通尿素和 150kg/hm2控釋尿素)的混合配施方式最有利于獲得高產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on nutrient migration and yield formation of spring maize in dry land of Ningxia, two types of fertilizer, common urea and controlled release urea, were selected with Xianyu698 as material. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on growth and development, key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism, dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution, yield and yield components of spring maize were studied in this paper. The result shows that 1: 1. Rational nitrogen fertilizer application can significantly promote maize growth. Compared with CK and T1 treatment, the total dry matter accumulation in T2T3T4 treated with controlled release urea increased 18.82% and 26.38% and 9.92%, 16.61% and 10.76%, respectively, and the root system activity was also significantly higher. At the same time, reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increase the root length density, root weight density and root volume of T375kg / hm ~ 2 in both horizontal and vertical distribution of maize root system. The treatment of nitrogen fertilizer with normal urea ratio of 150kg/hm2 controlled release urea was more beneficial to promote the growth of root system. In turn, it is beneficial to the growth and development of the whole maize plant. Reasonable nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes and key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism. T2T3T4 activity in maize. Compared with CK and T1 treatment, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in maize were increased by 45.72% and 7.287.747.48%, respectively, and by 66.3478.7873.21% and 27.223.66, respectively. At the same time, the antioxidant enzyme activities of maize also showed different degrees of improvement, indicating that reasonable nitrogen fertilizer can alleviate drought to some extent on spring maize. 3. In the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in maize, the vegetative growth period was mainly distributed in leaves and stems. After heading, the dry matter distribution began to shift to ear and grain, and the dry matter in leaf sheath and stem decreased gradually. In the end, all of them were transferred to grains, and the controlled release urea treatment was significantly higher than that of the control and T 1. The contribution rate of dry matter to grain was as follows: stem and sheath of leaf, among them, the contribution rate of T2T3T4 treatment was 19.922% 21.95% and 22.40%, respectively, which was helpful to promote dry matter transfer to grain. 4. Rational nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly improve the nutrient accumulation, absorption, distribution and transportation of maize, which showed that the nitrogen accumulation and distribution of T2T3T4 treatment was higher than that of CK and T1 treatments. The nitrogen transfer rate and contribution rate of the controlled release urea treatment were higher than those of other treatments, and also showed the stem and sheath of leaves. In fertilizer utilization ratio, the average productivity of 75kg/hm2 combined with 150kg/hm2 controlled release urea was the best, the agronomic utilization ratio, physiological utilization ratio and recovery utilization ratio of PE and RE were the best, which reached 56.67% and 49.80%, respectively, and the harvest index (HI) was 29.94.5. The order of maize yield under different nitrogen fertilizer application treatments was T _ 3T _ 4T _ 2T _ 1 CKT _ 3 treatment and CK and T _ 1 treatments, which increased by 36.97% and 12.57% respectively compared with CK and T1 treatments. Among the yield components, the controlled release urea treatment showed a different degree of increase compared with CK and T1 treatments. The most important component factor, T2T2T3OT4 treatment, was 12.78% higher than CK and T1 treatment, and 15.270.90% and 9.17% 11.61%, respectively. The combination of normal urea and 150kg/hm2 controlled-release urea was the most favorable way to obtain high yield.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 彭玉;孫永健;蔣明金;徐徽;秦儉;楊志遠;馬均;;不同水分條件下緩/控釋氮肥對水稻干物質(zhì)量和氮素吸收、運轉(zhuǎn)及分配的影響[J];作物學(xué)報;2014年05期

2 王崇力;韓桂琪;徐衛(wèi)紅;楊蕓;熊仕娟;謝文文;張進忠;王正銀;謝德體;;專用緩釋肥的土壤氨揮發(fā)特性及其對辣椒氮磷鉀吸收利用的影響[J];中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報;2014年02期

3 衣文平;畢長海;屈浩宇;李偉;趙玲;武良;曹兵;徐秋明;;樹脂包膜尿素與普通尿素不同配比在春玉米上的應(yīng)用研究[J];核農(nóng)學(xué)報;2013年09期

4 李敏;郭熙盛;葉舒婭;劉楓;袁Z赯，

本文編號：1789797