本文選題：農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng) + 土地利用方式��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定不僅關(guān)乎耕地質(zhì)量和作物產(chǎn)量,而且與農(nóng)田生態(tài)服務(wù)功能密切相關(guān)。農(nóng)田土壤動物和農(nóng)田雜草是農(nóng)田生物多樣性的重要組成部分,為維持農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定具有重要作用。然而,除草劑的使用在消滅雜草的同時不僅污染了土壤環(huán)境也對土壤動物產(chǎn)生了毒害作用,導(dǎo)致土壤動物種類和數(shù)量大量減少。其中土壤跳蟲作為土壤動物的三大類群之一,對土壤壞境、耕地質(zhì)量有重要作用,并且對壞境變化敏感。改變除草方式對保護(hù)土壤動物、降低除草劑使用、解決雜草與作物間的矛盾、合理利用田間雜草,為耕地質(zhì)量保護(hù)及農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、提高農(nóng)用地生態(tài)管理效益服務(wù)具有重要意義。本文通過凋落物袋法與不同雜草管理方式控制實驗相結(jié)合的方法研究雜草葉片還田對跳蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富度、多樣性的影響,探討土壤跳蟲對葉片分解、養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化的作用,解析雜草管理方式對土壤跳蟲及土壤環(huán)境的影響。通過凋落物袋法獲得跳蟲13653只,隸屬于5科9屬11種,其中優(yōu)勢種為Sinella umesaoi、Thalassaphorura encarpata和Lepidocyrtus sp.1。單一葉片之間跳蟲相對多度及個體數(shù)的差異明顯,稗草葉片與新鮮玉米葉片和莧菜葉片相比跳蟲數(shù)量相對較低;多種葉片混合與單一葉片相比跳蟲數(shù)量相對較高,莧菜+稗草莧菜+稗草+老熟玉米莧菜稗草老熟玉米。不同時間跳蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)變化顯著,30天與10天相比,Thalassaphorura encarpata和Sinella umesaoi所占比例顯著升高。單一葉片對物種豐富度沒有影響,葉片多樣性的增加跳蟲物種豐富度有增加的趨勢。各類葉片處理中多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度指數(shù)差異不顯著。不同單一葉片之間分解速率存在顯著差異,莧菜葉片新鮮玉米葉片稗草葉片=老熟玉米葉片;多種葉片混合相對增加了葉片分解速率,從大到小依次是莧菜莧菜+稗草+老熟玉米莧菜+稗草稗草老熟玉米,其中三種葉片混合分解速率顯著高于稗草和老熟玉米葉片分解速率。通過調(diào)查不同雜草管理方式共獲得4341只跳蟲,隸屬于9種,優(yōu)勢種為Thalassaphorura sp.1、Folsomia sp.1、Sinella sp.1。不同雜草管理方式中的土壤跳蟲數(shù)量不同,各種處理土壤跳蟲數(shù)量對時間變化而變化,總體來說雜草刈割還田對土壤跳蟲數(shù)量有積極影響。雜草管理方式對土壤跳蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)及物種豐富度沒有顯著影響。土壤跳蟲垂直分布方面具有表聚性,0~5cm深度跳蟲數(shù)量高于5~10cm的跳蟲數(shù)量。跳蟲數(shù)量與土壤含水量在不同時期呈現(xiàn)不同的相關(guān)關(guān)系。在整個實驗期間,不同的雜草管理方式與土壤肥力之間沒有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。跳蟲總數(shù)與C、N、P、K呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,除球角跳外,其他跳蟲與除草劑處理呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The stability of farmland ecosystem is not only related to cultivated land quality and crop yield, but also closely related to farmland ecological service function. Soil animals and weeds are important components of farmland biodiversity and play an important role in maintaining farmland ecosystem stability. However, the use of herbicides not only pollutes the soil environment but also poisons soil animals, resulting in a large reduction in the species and number of soil animals. As one of the three groups of soil animals, soil jumper plays an important role in soil environment and cultivated land quality, and is sensitive to the change of soil environment. Changing the way of weeding can protect soil animals, reduce the use of herbicides, solve the contradiction between weeds and crops, and make rational use of weeds in the field, so as to protect the quality of cultivated land and stabilize the farmland ecosystem. It is of great significance to improve the benefit service of agricultural land ecological management. In this paper, the effects of returning weed leaves to field on the structure, richness and diversity of the community were studied by combining litter bag method with different weed management methods, and the effects of soil jumper on leaf decomposition and nutrient transformation were discussed. The effect of weed management on soil jumper and soil environment was analyzed. 13653 individuals belonging to 9 genera and 11 species belonging to 5 families were obtained by litter bag method. The dominant species were Thalassaphorura encarpata and Lepidocyrtus sp.1.The dominant species were Thalassaphorura encarpata and Lepidocyrtus sp.1.The dominant species were Thalassaphorura encarpata and Lepidocyrtus sp.1. There were significant differences in relative abundance and number of individuals among single leaves, and the number of jumpworms in barnyard grass leaves was relatively lower than that in fresh corn leaves and amaranth leaves, and the number of jumper insects in mixed leaves was higher than that in single leaves. Amaranth, barnyard amaranth, old mature corn, amaranth, barnyardgrass, corn. The percentage of Thalassaphorura encarpata and Sinella umesaoi increased significantly in 30 days and 10 days, respectively. Single leaf had no effect on species richness, and the increase of leaf diversity had a trend of increasing species richness. There was no significant difference in diversity index and evenness index between different leaf treatments. There were significant differences in decomposition rate among different single leaves. Fresh corn leaves of amaranth leaves = mature maize leaves, and mixed leaves increased the decomposition rate of leaves. The order from big to small is amaranth and amaranth. The rate of mixed decomposition of three kinds of leaves is higher than that of barnyard grass and mature corn. A total of 4341 Trichophynchia sp. sp. belonging to 9 species were obtained by investigation of different weed management methods. The dominant species was Thalassaphorura sp.1Folsomia sp.1Sinella sp.1. The number of soil jumper in different weed management methods is different, and the amount of soil jumper changes with different treatments. In general, the amount of soil jumper is positively affected by weed mowing and returning to the field. Weed management had no significant effect on the community structure and species richness. The vertical distribution of soil jumper was higher than that of 5~10cm at a depth of 5 cm. There were different correlations between the amount of jumper and soil moisture content in different periods. There was no significant correlation between different weed management methods and soil fertility during the whole experiment. There was a positive correlation between the total number of Trichophynchia and Cnn Pnu K, and a negative correlation was found between the total number and herbicide treatment, except for the bulbous angle jump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S451;S154

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