發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 01:16

  本文選題：油菜 + 氮磷鉀��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：油菜是我國最大的油料作物之一。但近年,隨著我國油菜單產(chǎn)的逐年增加,油菜施肥量一直處于較高水平,而維持較高施肥水平以獲得較高產(chǎn)量的同時,也增加了直播油菜莖稈倒伏的風(fēng)險,不利于油菜機(jī)械化收獲�；诖�,選用莖稈抗倒性差異較大的4個油菜品種(2個雜交種和2個常規(guī)種)于2014-2016年在華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)試驗田分別進(jìn)行裂區(qū)試驗,以氮肥用量為主區(qū)(0 kg hm~(-2)、180 kg·hm~(-2)、360 kg·hm~(-2)),以磷肥用量為副區(qū)(0 kg·hm~(-2)、120 kg·hm~(-2)、240 kg·hm~(-2)),以鉀肥用量為副副區(qū)(0kg·hm~(-2)、150 kg·hm~(-2)、300 kg·hm~(-2)),測定油菜產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成及莖稈倒伏指數(shù),并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,研究油菜在不同氮磷鉀肥處理后,高產(chǎn)抗倒油菜的莖稈特性,為油菜高產(chǎn)抗倒栽培及優(yōu)良品種培育提供參數(shù)及理論依據(jù)。本試驗獲得的主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.一定條件下,增施氮、磷、鉀肥均可提高油菜產(chǎn)量,且互作效應(yīng)達(dá)顯著水平。其中,氮肥以及鉀肥主要通過增加單株角果數(shù)以及每角果粒數(shù)提高油菜產(chǎn)量;磷肥主要通過增加單株角果數(shù)提高產(chǎn)量。2.不同的氮、磷、鉀肥用量也影響了油菜莖稈的抗倒性,且存在顯著的互作效應(yīng)。就成分而言,不同的氮、磷、鉀肥施用,導(dǎo)致油菜莖稈組成成分發(fā)生改變,進(jìn)而影響其抗倒性。增施氮肥減少了莖稈中纖維素含量,導(dǎo)致主莖抗倒性減弱;增施磷肥可增加莖稈中C含量,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)主莖抗倒性;增加鉀肥用量可增加莖稈抗折力,抗倒性增強(qiáng)。就結(jié)構(gòu)而言,外表皮細(xì)胞個數(shù)增加,細(xì)胞間隙縮小,則增強(qiáng)了細(xì)胞間的抱合力,莖稈抗倒性增強(qiáng),且抗倒性較強(qiáng)的油菜主莖細(xì)胞髓射線與束中形成層周圍細(xì)胞連接性較好,形成聯(lián)會貫通的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架,莖稈抗倒性增強(qiáng)。3.本試驗條件下,N2P1K2處理小區(qū)達(dá)到高產(chǎn)中抗水平,此條件下,油菜莖稈纖維素含量為33%~47%,果膠質(zhì)含量為2.5%~5.5%;N1P2K2處理小區(qū)達(dá)到中產(chǎn)高抗水平,此條件下,纖維素含量為31.3%~32.5%,果膠質(zhì)含量為0.6%~1.6%。
[Abstract]:Rape is one of the largest oil crops in China. But in recent years, with the increase of single yield of rape in China, the amount of fertilizer applied to rape has been at a high level, while maintaining a high level of fertilization to obtain higher yield, it also increases the risk of lodging of the stem of live rape, which is unfavorable to the mechanized harvest of rape. Based on this, the resistance to stem is chosen. 4 rapeseed varieties (2 Hybrids and 2 conventional species) were tested in the experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2014-2016 years, with nitrogen fertilizer use as the main area (0 kg hm~ (-2), 180 kg. Hm~ (-2), 360 kg. Hm~ (-2)). The amount of phosphate fertilizer was used as the sub region (0 kg hm~ (-2), 120, 240 and 240). The region (0kg. Hm~ (-2), 150 kg. Hm~ (-2), 300 kg. Hm~ (-2)) was used to determine the yield composition and stem lodging index of rapeseed, and to make a statistical analysis on the stem characteristics of high yield rapeseed with high yield after different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer treatment, which provided parameters and theoretical basis for high yield resistance cultivation and breeding of fine varieties of rape. The results are as follows: 1. under certain conditions, the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can increase the yield of rape, and the interaction efficiency should be significant. Among them, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer mainly increase the yield of rape by increasing the number of single plant kernels and the number of kernels per plant. The phosphorus fertilizer can increase the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in.2.. In addition, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer resulted in the change of the composition of the stem in the rape stem, which could lead to the change of the composition of the stem of the rape stem, which could affect the resistance of the stem. The application of nitrogen fertilizer reduced the cellulose content in the stem and reduced the resistance of the main stem, and increased the content of C in the stem and increased by the application of phosphate fertilizer. Strong main stem resistance to inversion, increasing the amount of potassium fertilizer can increase the flexural strength of stem and enhance the resistance to inversion. In terms of structure, the number of cells in the outer skin and the narrowing of the cell gap will enhance the cohesion of the cells and the enhancement of the resistance to the stem. Under the condition of the.3. test, the N2P1K2 treatment area reached the high yield of high yield. Under this condition, the cellulose content of the rape stem was 33%~47%, the content of the pectin was 2.5%~5.5%, and the N1P2K2 treatment area reached the high middle middle resistance level. Under this article, the cellulose content was 31.3%~32.5% and the content of the pectin was 0.6%~. 1.6%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.4

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