本文選題：高脂日糧 + 混合油脂��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：脂肪代謝與家禽免疫功能關(guān)系密切,本研究通過飼喂常能高脂日糧(1-21 d,ME=12.34MJ/kg;22-42 d,ME=12.76 MJ/kg)和混合油脂日糧,分別探討脂肪攝入量和脂肪酸組成(單不飽和脂肪酸、多不飽和脂肪酸和中短鏈脂肪酸)對肉雞生長、代謝和免疫的影響,進一步明確油脂類型與水平對家禽健康生產(chǎn)的調(diào)控機制,以期為飼糧油脂的高效利用提供新思路、新方法。試驗一研究常能高脂日糧對肉雞生長、代謝和免疫的影響。選用1日齡AA肉雞100只,隨機分為2組,每組5個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)10只。對照組(NFD)飼喂正常日糧;試驗組(HFD)飼喂高脂日糧。分別在14、21、38d進行采集血液、胸腺、脾臟、法氏囊、十二指腸、空腸、回腸、盲腸樣本。試驗結(jié)果表明,38d飼喂常能高脂日糧組的脾臟重量和脾臟指數(shù)和脾臟炎性信號通路相關(guān)基因的表達上顯著高于飼喂正常日糧組(P0.05),飼喂正常日糧的肉雞血液甘油三酯含量顯著高于常能高脂日糧組,對血糖的含量沒有影響(P0.05),飼喂高脂日糧明顯降低了十二指腸的絨腺比(P0.05)。結(jié)果提示,肉雞飼喂常能高脂日糧未引起血糖和血脂的明顯升高,但可能激活炎癥信號通路,抑制小腸黏膜發(fā)育。試驗二研究混合油脂對肉雞生長、代謝和免疫的影響。選用1日齡雄性AA肉雞540只,隨機分為9組,每組設(shè)6個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)10只。試驗分前期(1-21 d)和后期(22-42d)兩個飼養(yǎng)階段,飼料中分別添加2%和3%的油脂。試驗設(shè)豆油和鴨油2個對照組;7個試驗組分別以椰子油、大豆油和鴨油不同配比添加混合油脂。試驗第21d和42d,每個重復(fù)隨機取2只試驗雞,屠宰,采血,屠宰。稱取組織器官重量,采集胸腺、肝臟、脾臟、法氏囊、十二指腸、空腸、回腸、盲腸食糜、腿肌、胸肌樣本。測定血液生化,腸道形態(tài),盲腸微生物,肝臟脂肪代謝相關(guān)指標。結(jié)果表明,前期豆油組與其他組相比在體增重上有明顯的差異(P0.05),采食量和料肉比沒有差異(P0.05),雞體重和十二指腸重指數(shù)有明顯差異(P0.05),其他器官指數(shù)無明顯差異(P0.05)。前期混合油脂不影響前期肝臟脂肪代謝和腸道炎癥反應(yīng)(P0.05)。后期體增重、采食量和料肉比沒有差異(P0.05),椰子油比重大的組腹脂指數(shù)明顯上升(P0.05),胸腺指數(shù)有下降的趨勢,血液TG、VLDL、LPL、NEFA、肝臟甘油三酯和脂肪代謝相關(guān)基因明顯上升(P0.05),腸道絨腺比顯著高于椰子油比重低的組和單一油脂組,盲腸益生菌數(shù)量上升,降低病原菌數(shù)量。試驗二結(jié)果表明在肉雞生長前期,單一油脂(豆油或鴨油)提高生產(chǎn)性能,促進組織發(fā)育;在肉雞生長后期,椰子油比重大的混合油脂促進腸道黏膜發(fā)育,改善盲腸微生物組成,但增加腹脂沉積,降低免疫器官指數(shù)。綜上所述,脂肪的攝入量過多不利于肉雞的生長發(fā)育,混合油脂在一定程度上更有利于肉雞的生長發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:Fat metabolism is closely related to the immune function of poultry. The growth, metabolism and immunity of fat intake and fatty acid composition (monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid and medium short chain fatty acid) were investigated by feeding regular high fat diet (1-21 D, ME=12.34MJ/kg; 22-42 D, ME=12.76 MJ/kg) and mixed fat diet. Influence, further clarify the regulation mechanism of oil type and level on the healthy production of poultry, in order to provide new ideas and new methods for the efficient utilization of diet oil. A study on the effects of high fat diet on growth, metabolism and immunity of broilers. 1 days of age AA broilers were selected and divided into 2 groups randomly, 5 repetitions in each group, and 10 repeats for each group. The experimental group (NFD) was fed with normal diet, and the experimental group (HFD) was fed with high fat diet. The blood, thymus, spleen, bursa, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum samples were collected in 14,21,38d, respectively. The results showed that the expression of spleen weight, spleen index and spleen inflammatory signaling pathway related genes in normal high fat diet group were shown by 38d. The content of triglyceride in blood of normal diet was higher than that of normal diet group (P0.05), and the content of blood triglyceride in normal diet was significantly higher than that of normal high fat diet group, and there was no effect on blood sugar content (P0.05). The diet of high fat diet significantly decreased the ratio of the duodenal cashmere gland (P0.05). Increase, but may activate the inflammatory signaling pathway to inhibit the development of small intestinal mucosa. Experiment two studied the effects of mixed fat on growth, metabolism and immunity of broilers. 540 1 day old male AA broilers were randomly divided into 9 groups, with 6 repetitions in each group and 10 in each repeat (1-21 d) and later (22-42d) feeding stages. Do not add oil of 2% and 3%. The test set 2 control groups of soybean oil and duck oil; 7 test groups added coconut oil, soybean oil and duck oil in different proportions of mixed fat. Test 21d and 42d, each repeat randomly 2 test chickens, slaughtering, collecting blood, slaughtering. Collect thymus, liver, spleen, bursa, duodenum, and air. Intestinal, ileum, cecum chymus, leg muscles, and chest muscle samples were used to determine blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, cecum microorganism and liver fat metabolism. The results showed that there was a significant difference in body weight gain between the early soybean oil group and the other groups (P0.05), and there was no difference in feed intake and meat ratio (P0.05), and there was a significant difference between the weight of chicken and the duodenal weight index. (P0.05) there was no significant difference in other organ index (P0.05). Early mixed fat did not affect liver fat metabolism and intestinal inflammatory response (P0.05). Later body weight gain, feed intake and meat ratio did not differ (P0.05), coconut oil was significantly higher than the significant group of abdominal fat index (P0.05), thymus index decreased, blood TG, VLDL, LPL, NEFA, liver The related genes of triglyceride and fat metabolism were obviously increased (P0.05). The ratio of intestinal velvet was significantly higher than that of coconut oil with low proportion of coconut oil and single oil group. The number of probiotics in cecum increased and the number of pathogenic bacteria decreased. The results of experiment two showed that single oil (bean oil or duck oil) increased production performance and promoted tissue development at the early stage of broiler growth; In the late stage of growth, coconut oil can promote intestinal mucosal development and improve the composition of cecal microorganism, but increase abdominal fat deposition and reduce the immune organ index. In summary, excessive fat intake is not beneficial to the growth and development of broiler, and the mixed fat is more beneficial to the growth and development of broilers in a certain range.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S831.5

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