本文選題：氮肥利用率 + 微生物量碳、氮�。� 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：選取江西紅壤性雙季稻水稻土為研究對象,采用大田定位試驗研究了4種不同氮肥管理措施即當?shù)剞r(nóng)民習慣施肥(FP)、較FP減施20%化肥氮且20%有機氮替代化肥氮(T1)、在T1基礎上加施Si、Zn、S三種微肥(T2)和在T2基礎上采用20%緩釋氮肥替代普通化肥氮(T3)對水稻農(nóng)學效應、土壤肥力效應的影響,在此基礎上采用15N示蹤法,結(jié)合盆栽模擬試驗驗證,研究了雙季稻輪作體系不同施肥模式下對稻田土壤主要溫室氣體CO2、CH4和N20排放的影響。研究得出如下主要結(jié)論：(1)三種氮肥的不同減施措施對水稻產(chǎn)量、氮肥農(nóng)學效率及生理利用率的影響不顯著；與農(nóng)民習慣施肥相比,三種氮肥的不同減施措施氮肥回收率2013年分別提高了28.13%、45.66%和54.84%,其中T2、T3處理達到顯著水平(p0.05)；2014年分別提高了27.41%、35.21%和37.66%,三種處理均達顯著水平(p0.05)；與農(nóng)民習慣施肥相比,三種氮肥的不同減施措施氮肥偏因子生產(chǎn)力2013年分別提高了18.18%、17.75%和15.59%,2014年分別提高了19.97%、21.09%和21.37%,三種處理兩年均達顯著水平(p0.05)；15N示蹤試驗結(jié)果顯示,三種減氮施肥措施可顯著增加水稻植株對氮素的吸收(p0.05),分別比FP增加18.38%、11.80%和14.82%。(2)三種氮肥的不同減施措施對土壤pH、有機質(zhì)、全氮含量的影響不顯著；與農(nóng)民習慣施肥措施相比,三種氮肥減施措施的土壤微生物量碳含量均有不同的增長,在第四季分別增加了23.66%,25.42%和24.17%,均達到了顯著水平(p0.05),其含量有早稻季高于晚稻季的規(guī)律；三種氮肥減施措施均能顯著增加土壤微生物量氮的含量(p0.05),其增長率于2014年晚稻季增長最大,分別達29.91%、33.68%和28.59%：三種氮肥減施措施對土壤脲酶、蛋白酶及過氧化氫酶活性的影響不大,能顯著提高土壤蔗糖酶的活性,其活性于2013年早稻季提高最大,分別提高了48.24%、50.54%和61.33%,土壤蛋白酶和蔗糖酶活性有早稻季高于晚稻季的規(guī)律；土壤微生物量碳含量分別與土壤蔗糖酶、過氧化氫酶及蛋白酶活性之間呈極顯著相關(P0.01),土壤微生物量氮含量與土壤蔗糖酶間呈極顯著相關(P0.01),土壤脲酶、過氧化氫酶及蛋白酶活性間顯著相關(P0.05),土壤微生物量碳、氮之間顯著相關(P0.05)。(3)三種減氮施肥措施對土壤CO2的排放影響不大；三種減氮施肥措施均能顯著減少土壤N2O的排放,全年累計排放量以T3處理減少最多,分別比FP、 T1、T2處理減少43.06%、22.89%和20.09%,均達顯著水平(P0.05),T1、T2處理與FP處理相比,分別減少26.16%和28.74%,達顯著水平(P0.05)；三種減氮施肥措施均顯著增加了土壤CH4的排放,分別增加了19.38%、12.67%和13.74%；與農(nóng)民習慣施肥相比,對100年N20和CH4的綜合溫室效應的影響,T1處理顯著高了9.45%(P0.05),T2、T3處理分別高3.65%和1.37%,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。綜上所述,20%氮肥減施的基礎上有機氮肥結(jié)合緩釋氮肥部分替代化肥氮并增施Si、Zn、S微肥處理在保證水稻產(chǎn)量及土壤養(yǎng)分含量持續(xù)穩(wěn)定供應的同時,能顯著提高氮肥回收率和生理利用率,顯著提升土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,且對土壤環(huán)境效應(溫室效應)的影響最小。
[Abstract]:Jiangxi red soil rice paddy soil was selected as the research object. 4 different nitrogen fertilizer management measures, namely, local farmers' FP, 20% fertilizer nitrogen and 20% organic nitrogen instead of fertilizer nitrogen (T1) were studied by the field location test. On the basis of T1, Si, Zn, S three micro fertilizer (T2) were added on the basis of T1, and 20% slow release nitrogen fertilizer was used to replace the ordinary fertilizer on the basis of T2. The effect of fertilizer nitrogen (T3) on rice agronomy effect and soil fertility effect, on this basis, the effects of 15N tracer method and pot simulation test on the emission of main greenhouse gases, CO2, CH4 and N20 in paddy soil under different fertilization models were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the difference of three nitrogen fertilizers The effects of reduction measures on rice yield, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency and physiological utilization rate were not significant. Compared with the farmers' customary fertilization, the nitrogen recovery rates of three different nitrogen fertilizer treatments increased by 28.13%, 45.66% and 54.84% respectively in 2013, of which T2 and T3 treatments reached significant levels (P0.05), and 27.41%, 35.21% and 37.66%, three in 2014, respectively. A significant level (P0.05) was reached, and the partial factor productivity of three nitrogen fertilizers increased by 18.18%, 17.75% and 15.59% in 2013, respectively, by 19.97%, 21.09% and 21.37% in 2014, and three for the two years, respectively, in 2014. The 15N tracer test showed that three nitrogen reduction results showed that there were three nitrogen reduction methods. The fertilization measures can significantly increase the uptake of nitrogen in rice plants (P0.05). The effects of 18.38%, 11.80% and 14.82%. (2) three kinds of nitrogen fertilizer on soil pH, organic matter and total nitrogen content are not significant, and the soil microbial biomass carbon content of the three fertilizer application measures is different from that of the farmers' customary fertilization measures. The increase of 23.66%, 25.42% and 24.17% respectively in the fourth quarter reached significant level (P0.05), and the content of early season rice was higher than that in late rice season. Three kinds of nitrogen reduction measures could significantly increase soil microbial biomass nitrogen (P0.05), and the growth rate increased to 29.91%, 33.68% and 28.59%: three respectively in the late rice season of 2014. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on soil urease, protease and catalase activity were not significant, and the activity of soil invertase could be improved significantly. The activity of soil invertase was increased by 48.24%, 50.54% and 61.33% in the early season of 2013, and the activity of soil protease and invertase was higher than that in late rice season. There was a significant correlation between the content of soil invertase, catalase and protease activity (P0.01). The soil microbial biomass nitrogen content was significantly correlated with soil invertase (P0.01), soil urease, catalase and protease activity were significantly correlated (P0.05), soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen significant correlation (P0.05). (3) three species Nitrogen reduction measures have little effect on soil CO2 emission. Three nitrogen reduction measures can significantly reduce the emission of soil N2O. The cumulative annual emissions are reduced most by T3 treatment, respectively, 43.06%, 22.89% and 20.09%, respectively, respectively, 22.89% and 20.09%, respectively, to a significant level (P0.05), T1, T2 treatment and FP treatment, respectively, by 26.16% and 28.74%, respectively. Significant level (P0.05); three nitrogen reduction measures significantly increased the soil CH4 emissions, increased by 19.38%, 12.67% and 13.74% respectively. Compared with the farmers' customary fertilization, the effects on the comprehensive greenhouse effect of 100 years N20 and CH4 were significantly higher than 9.45% (P0.05), T2, T3 treatment was 3.65% and 1.37% respectively, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). On the basis of 20% nitrogen fertilizer application, organic nitrogen fertilizer combined with slow release nitrogen fertilizer instead of fertilizer nitrogen and Si, Zn, S micro fertilizer treatment can significantly improve the nitrogen recovery and physiological utilization rate while ensuring the continuous and stable supply of rice yield and soil nutrient content, and significantly increase soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen content and soil environmental efficiency. The effect of the greenhouse effect is minimal.

【學位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S511.42

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