本文選題：東北黑土區(qū) + 融雪期　； 參考：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國東北黑土區(qū)位于高緯度寒冷地區(qū),屬于季節(jié)性積雪區(qū),不僅夏季暴雨導(dǎo)致侵蝕比較嚴重,而且冬春季土壤凍融作用嚴重,部分地區(qū)凍融作用同融雪徑流等外營力所造成的土壤侵蝕已不亞于暴雨造成的土壤侵蝕強度,溝蝕為其主要土壤侵蝕形式之一。切溝作為溝蝕主要形式之一,是泥沙主要來源,因此本研究對該區(qū)典型流域融雪期切溝發(fā)育特征與成因展開研究。研究以暗棕壤為主的五一流域、黑土為主的光榮流域、白漿土為主的吉興流域為研究對象,運用Differential GlobalPositioning System(DGPS)在每年5月、10月對各流域選取典型切溝進行觀測,結(jié)合GIS軟件空間分析功能,通過10月與翌年5月切溝參數(shù)對比,獲取其融雪期切溝長度、面積、體積等參數(shù),探究其發(fā)育特征,在此基礎(chǔ)上以光榮流域為研究區(qū),運用斷面法將完整切溝以5m為間隔劃分成若干分段切溝,提取各分段切溝寬度、深度、面積、體積等指標(biāo),探究其沿程發(fā)育特征。然后通過采集同時期積雪獲取積融雪特征,查詢氣象局官網(wǎng)和地理空間數(shù)據(jù)云獲取降水及地形特征,野外調(diào)查獲取土壤、植被、人類活動特征,收集典型流域?qū)?yīng)省(自治區(qū))全國第一次水利普查侵蝕溝調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和人類活動強度指標(biāo),定量分析降水、地形、土壤、植被、人類活動等對切溝發(fā)育影響。研究通過同一流域降雨期和融雪期切溝發(fā)育特征對比,定量分析凍融作用對融雪期切溝發(fā)育的影響,同時對人類活動進行定量計算,研究結(jié)果表明:(1)典型流域融雪期切溝發(fā)育具有明顯的地域分異性和年際差異性,地域分異性表現(xiàn)為:以暗棕壤為主的五一流域發(fā)育速度最快,切溝長度發(fā)育為14.23 m/a,面積發(fā)育為147.62 m2/a,體積發(fā)育336.28 m3/a。以黑土為主的光榮流域次之,長度發(fā)育為3.37 m/a,面積發(fā)育82.19 m2/a,體積發(fā)育133.51 m3/a。以白漿土為主的吉興流域最慢,長度、面積、體積發(fā)育值分別為1.94 m/a、54.6 m2/a、18.71 m3/a;典型流域切溝發(fā)育特征呈現(xiàn)為從西北至東南,從暗棕壤到白漿土,切溝發(fā)育速率逐漸減小的趨勢。年際差異性表現(xiàn)為:暗棕壤為主的五一流域年際差異性最明顯,黑土區(qū)為主光榮流域次之,白漿土為主的吉興流域最弱。(2)融雪期溝寬沿程發(fā)育特征呈現(xiàn)分異性,溝頭至中部發(fā)育比較活躍,中部至溝尾發(fā)育相對緩慢。光榮流域G1沿程深度發(fā)育速率和面積發(fā)育速率顯著負相關(guān),(p0.05,r=-0.500),與體積發(fā)育速率正相關(guān)(p0.01,r=0.408),切溝沿程寬度發(fā)育和面積發(fā)育顯著正相關(guān)(p0.05,r=0.572),G1發(fā)育以溝岸擴張為主,橫斷面成"V"字型。光榮流域G2沿程寬度發(fā)育速率和面積發(fā)育速率顯著正相關(guān),(p0.05,r=0.412),與體積發(fā)育也顯著正相關(guān)(p0.05,r=0.673),G2發(fā)育也以溝岸擴張為主,切溝橫斷面成"U"字型。這說明融雪期以溝岸擴張為主,侵蝕物質(zhì)多在溝道堆積,可能是黑土區(qū)切溝發(fā)育的一種主要模式。(3)坡長、集水區(qū)面積、地形因子(LS)等地形特征和人為因素是影響融雪期切溝發(fā)育地域分異性的關(guān)鍵原因。切溝長度發(fā)育速率與坡長、集水區(qū)面積和地形因子均顯著相關(guān)(r1=0.761,r2=0,634,r3=0.779,p0.05);人類活動與單位面積切溝發(fā)育數(shù)量顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.937,p0.05)。降水、凍融作用是影響切溝發(fā)育年際差異性關(guān)鍵原因。其中,降水特征是影響五一流域切溝發(fā)育年際差異性關(guān)鍵因素,凍融作用為影響光榮流域切溝發(fā)育年際差異性關(guān)鍵因素,凍融作用至少使光榮流域切溝溝頭后退0.58-5.5 m/a。
[Abstract]:Chinese black soil region of Northeast China located in high latitude and cold regions, which belongs to the seasonal snow areas, not only lead to serious erosion of heavy rainfall in summer, and in winter and spring soil freezing and thawing seriously, soil erosion caused by external forces such as snowmelt runoff with parts of freezing and thawing is less than the intensity of soil erosion caused by rainfall, gully erosion is the main one of the forms of soil erosion gully. As one of the main forms of gully erosion, sediment is the main source, so the research on the typical watershed in gully region of the snowmelt period characteristics and causes of developmental research. A study of five watershed with mainly dark brown, black oriented glory basin, white pulp soil mainly Ji Xing basin as a study the object, using Differential GlobalPositioning System (DGPS) in October May each year, the valley of the typical gully were observed, with the spatial analysis function of GIS software, through October and May next year Comparing the parameters of gully, obtain the snowmelt gully length, area, volume and other parameters, explore its development characteristics, on the basis of the glorious basin as the study area, using cross section method will complete gully with 5m interval is divided into several sections of gully gully, extraction segment width, depth, area and volume other indicators, explore its development features along the way. And then through the acquisition at the same time the snow gets snow melt characteristics, Meteorological Bureau official website and query spatial data acquisition of cloud precipitation and terrain features, field investigation to obtain soil, vegetation, human activities, collect the typical watershed in the corresponding province (autonomous region) the first national census for water erosion gully investigation data and human activity intensity index, quantitative analysis of precipitation, topography, soil, vegetation, human activities on the impact of gully development. Through the study period period of rainfall and snowmelt same watershed gully development characteristics comparison, quantitative analysis Effects of freezing and thawing ditch on the development of snowmelt, and human activities were quantitatively calculated, the results show that: (1) a typical basin snowmelt gully development has obvious regional differentiation and interannual differences, regional differentiation performance: five a watershed with dark brown soil mainly develop most quickly, gully length growth is 14.23 m/a, the development area is 147.62 m2/a, the volume of 336.28 m3/a. in the development of black oriented glorious Valley, the growth of length is 3.37 m/a, the development area of 82.19 m2/a, volume 133.51 m3/a. in development of albic soil mainly Ji Xing River Basin is the slowest, length, area, volume and development value were 1.94 m/a, 54.6 m2/a, 18.71 m3/a; typical watershed gully development characteristics from the northwest to the southeast, from dark brown to white pulp soil, gully development rate gradually decreased. Differences in annual performance: dark brown 51 basin mainly annual The most obvious difference, the black soil region mainly glorious Valley, white pulp soil mainly Ji Xing basin was the weakest. (2) the snowmelt period along the groove width development characteristics are difference, gully head to middle development more active, central to development is relatively slow. The glorious Gou Wei basin G1 along the depth and area of growth rate the developmental rate of significant negative correlation (P0.05, r=-0.500), and the volume growth rate is positive correlation (P0.01, r=0.408), cutting width and area development process along the development of significant positive correlation (P0.05, r=0.572), G1 development to ditch bank expansion, cross section of a "V" shape. The glorious basin G2 along the width of growth rate and the area growth rate was positively correlated (P0.05, r=0.412), and the volume of development is also significant positive correlation (P0.05, r=0.673), G2 development to ditch bank expansion, gully section "U" font. This shows that the snowmelt period to ditch bank expansion, erosion material accumulation in the channel, may Is a main mode of cutting soil area of gully development. (3) the length of slope, watershed area, terrain factor (LS) and other topographic features and human factors is the key reason of snowmelt gully development regional differentiation. Gully length growth rate and length of slope, watershed area and topographic factors were significantly related (r1=0.761, r2=0634, r3=0.779, P0.05); human activities and unit area of gully is positively related to the number of development (r=0.937, P0.05). The precipitation, freezing and thawing effect of gully development differences in annual key reasons. Among them, the characteristics of precipitation is 51 flow gully development domain key interannual difference factors, freezing and thawing to influence the development of gully watershed glorious key interannual difference factors, freezing and thawing at least a glorious Valley gully head back 0.58-5.5 m/a.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157.1

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 尹佳宜;伍永秋;汪言在;;采用不同方法測量切溝的誤差分析[J];水土保持研究;2008年01期

2 楊華;山西吉縣黃土區(qū)切溝分類的研究[J];北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2001年01期

3 Majid Soufi;澳大利亞一個林地環(huán)境下的切溝發(fā)展過程和侵蝕趨勢研究[J];中國水土保持;2002年07期

4 董一帆;伍永秋;;利用虛擬插釬對切溝溝底不同部位短期變化的初步研究[J];地理科學(xué);2010年06期

5 楊華,劉家玲;黃土區(qū)切溝治理水土保持效益的研究[J];北京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2001年02期

6 馬鼎;李斌兵;;黃土溝壑區(qū)切溝植被的激光點云濾波及地形構(gòu)建[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報;2013年15期

7 王雯;張?zhí)煊?董一帆;;東北黑土區(qū)道路狀況對切溝發(fā)育的影響研究[J];水土保持通報;2011年04期

8 李斌兵;黃磊;;坡面切溝入滲-產(chǎn)流及形態(tài)發(fā)育動態(tài)過程研究[J];水土保持學(xué)報;2013年04期

9 李斌兵;黃磊;;基于面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)的黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)切溝遙感提取方法研究[J];水土保持研究;2013年03期

10 謝云,劉寶元,伍永秋;切溝中土壤水分的空間變化特征[J];地球科學(xué)進展;2002年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李鎮(zhèn);黃土高原切溝發(fā)育監(jiān)測方法與侵蝕模型研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 吳紅艷;黃土丘陵區(qū)發(fā)育活躍期切溝形態(tài)特征與轉(zhuǎn)換模型研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2016年

2 蔣小娟;東北黑土區(qū)典型流域融雪期切溝發(fā)育特征及成因分析[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2017年

，

本文編號：1750654