發(fā)布時間：2018-04-10 06:26

  本文選題：黑木耳菌糠　切入點：有機肥　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：黑木耳菌糠是黑木耳采摘后廢棄的固體培養(yǎng)基質(zhì),其有機質(zhì)和蛋白質(zhì)含量較高、保水能力較強。但是,目前黑木耳菌糠除了少部分作為作為畜禽飼料、有機肥料繼續(xù)使用外,大部分幾乎都被當(dāng)作垃圾丟棄或焚燒。為了解決大蒲柴河鎮(zhèn)廢棄黑木耳段污染問題,達到當(dāng)?shù)貜U棄黑木耳段能科學(xué)合理的循環(huán)利用的目的。本文采用了實地調(diào)查與框栽試驗相結(jié)合的方法,對菌糠堆肥的發(fā)酵工藝、有機肥及有機無機復(fù)混肥的配方和制備、及其肥效試驗進行了研究。研究結(jié)果對改變傳統(tǒng)菌糠處理方式,提高菌農(nóng)種植綜合效益,改善當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境提供了科學(xué)依據(jù),具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義�，F(xiàn)得出結(jié)論如下:1、通過實地調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)大蒲柴河鎮(zhèn)廢棄黑木耳段污染嚴(yán)重,已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)生活以及生態(tài)環(huán)境,因此,該鎮(zhèn)黑木耳段污染問題急需解決。同時,廢棄黑木耳菌糠數(shù)量大,且每年都在積累,適宜肥料的產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。2、在堆肥過程中,高溫期達到14天以上,能夠達到無害化要求。在堆肥末期T值=0.37,GI=87.2%,可以認為菌糠腐熟。腐熟菌糠制成的有機肥、有機無機復(fù)混肥養(yǎng)分含量均符合國家及行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3、菌糠制備有機肥、有機無機復(fù)混肥栽培小白菜。在小白菜產(chǎn)量方面,所有有機肥+化肥處理與不施肥處理相比產(chǎn)量增加了74.5%~159%。有機無機復(fù)混肥處理與不施肥處理相比增加了131.7%~151.4%。4、在氮肥施用量相同的情況下,增施有機肥可以增加小白菜葉綠素含量。有機無機復(fù)混肥與單施化肥相比可以增加小白菜的還原型維生素C的含量。硝酸鹽含量隨著氮肥的減施而逐漸減少。減少有機無機復(fù)混肥的施肥量,能夠減少小白菜硝酸鹽的含量。5、有機肥+化肥處理土壤的堿解氮比種植前上升了1.44%~10.2%,有效磷上升了34%~56.3%,速效鉀上升了5.2%~19%。有機無機復(fù)混肥處理土壤的有效磷上升了44.2%~55.7%,速效鉀上升了2.5%~8.8%。
[Abstract]:Auricularia auricula bran is a solid culture substrate which is discarded after picking. Its organic matter and protein content are higher and its water retention ability is stronger.However, at present, most of Auricularia chaff is discarded or burned as garbage, except for a small part as animal feed and organic fertilizer.In order to solve the pollution problem of the abandoned Auricularia auricularia in Dapchaihe Town, the local waste Auricularia auriculata segment can be scientifically and reasonably recycled.In this paper, the fermentation technology, the formulation and preparation of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer efficiency test were studied by combining the field investigation with the frame experiment.The results provide a scientific basis for changing the traditional treatment of bacterial chaff, improving the comprehensive benefit of bacterial farming and improving the local ecological environment, which is of great practical significance.The conclusions are as follows: 1. Through field investigation, it is found that the pollution of the abandoned Auricularia auricularia section in Dapchai River Town is serious, which has seriously affected the local production, life and ecological environment. Therefore, the pollution problem of the Auricularia auricularia section in this town needs to be solved urgently.At the same time, the amount of waste Auricularia chaff is large and accumulated every year. It is suitable for the industrialization of fertilizer production. In the composting process, the high temperature period is more than 14 days, which can meet the requirements of innocuity.At the end of composting, the T value of 0.37% Gi was 87.2%, and it could be considered that the fungus chaff was ripe.The nutrient contents of the organic fertilizer and the organic inorganic compound fertilizer were all in line with the national and industry standards. The organic fertilizer was prepared from the fungus chaff and the Chinese cabbage was cultivated with organic inorganic compound fertilizer.In the yield of pakchoi, the yield of all organic fertilizer treatments increased by 74.5% and 15.9% compared with that of no fertilizer treatment.Compared with no fertilizer application, the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer treatment increased 131.7% 151.4%. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the chlorophyll content of pakchoi could be increased by adding organic fertilizer.Compared with single fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer could increase the content of reduced vitamin C in pakchoi.The nitrate content decreased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer.Reducing the amount of fertilizer can reduce the nitrate content of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.). The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen of soil treated with organic fertilizer increased by 1.4410. 2, the available phosphorus increased by 34 ~ 56.3and the available potassium increased by 5.2 ~ 1919.The available phosphorus in the soil treated with organic-inorganic compound fertilizer increased by 44.2% and 55.7%, and the available potassium increased by 2.5% and 8.8%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ446;S634.3

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