本文選題：種植密度　切入點(diǎn)：有效穗粒數(shù)　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水稻是我省主要的糧食作物之一,其種植需要消耗大量的水。而我省水資源呈周期性豐枯變化,水資源量中約有61%是洪水徑流量,通常形成春季干旱少雨,夏季濕潤多雨,出現(xiàn)江河洪水和非洪水干燥,即是洪水年和枯水年。而傳統(tǒng)的水稻栽培方式對水的依靠和需求量非常大,這樣我省水稻生產(chǎn)勢必會受到限制。然而水稻覆膜直播種植技術(shù)具有省時省力,節(jié)水節(jié)肥,無需施用除草劑,是生產(chǎn)綠色、有機(jī)稻米的有效方法。因此,發(fā)展節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)對解決我國水資源短缺問題,以及實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和生產(chǎn)有機(jī)稻米保障我國人口食物安全具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義與長遠(yuǎn)意義。本研究受國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目"可降解地膜覆蓋對土壤水分運(yùn)移的影響規(guī)律研究(項(xiàng)目編號51509155)"的支持。本論文依據(jù)2016年在遼寧省海城市溫香鎮(zhèn)達(dá)連的水稻試驗(yàn)田進(jìn)行區(qū)域試驗(yàn),通過正交試驗(yàn)分析的方式,研究水稻覆膜直播種植技術(shù)中不同的株距(A:14/17/20)、行距(B:20/25/30)、及其每穴株數(shù)(C:4/6/8),對水稻的長勢、產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)及其經(jīng)濟(jì)性指標(biāo)的影響。從而確定水稻覆膜直播種植的最佳種植密度,為新型水稻覆膜直播技術(shù)的種植密度提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。(1)中期長勢與密度關(guān)系:通過正交試驗(yàn)得出覆膜直播種植在株距14,行距25,粒數(shù)8時,水稻的中期長勢最好。(2)產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素與密度的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為:水稻的有效穗粒數(shù)受株距和行距的影響顯著,其中行距的影響最大。行距并不是越大越好,當(dāng)行距大于20cm時,穗粒數(shù)隨著行距增加而增多;超過25cm時,有效穗粒數(shù)保持穩(wěn)定,因此說明行距在25-30cm是有利于增加穗粒數(shù)。從趨勢圖上可以看出隨著株距增大穗粒數(shù)也隨之增加,呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。每穴粒數(shù)從趨勢圖上可以看出隨著每穴株數(shù)的增加先減小在增加。水稻的有效穗數(shù)隨著行距與株距的增大而減小。由此可得水稻的每穴有效穗數(shù)與種植密度構(gòu)成反比關(guān)系。水稻的有效穗數(shù)隨著每穴株數(shù)的增加呈現(xiàn)出先上升后下降的趨勢。對千粒重的影響:株距并不是越大越好,當(dāng)株距小于17cm時,苗高度隨著隨著株距減小而增大,但是增大的幅度不是十分明顯,而在株距為20 cm的時候達(dá)到最大。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析可得當(dāng)株距為20cm,行距為30 cm,每穴粒數(shù)為6粒時,采用新型水稻覆膜直播技術(shù)種植的水稻的產(chǎn)量最高。
[Abstract]:Rice is one of the main food crops in our province.However, the water resources of our province change periodically, about 61% of the water resources are flood runoff, which usually form spring drought and little rain, wet and rainy summer, rivers flood and non-flood dry, that is, flood year and dry year.However, the traditional rice cultivation methods depend on and demand a lot of water, so rice production in our province is bound to be restricted.However, the technology of direct seeding with film mulching is an effective way to produce green and organic rice, because it saves time and effort, saves water and fertilizer, and does not need herbicides.Therefore, it is of great practical and long-term significance to develop water-saving agriculture to solve the shortage of water resources, to realize the strategy of sustainable development and to produce organic rice to ensure the food security of Chinese population.This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "study on the effect of degradable plastic Film mulching on soil moisture Migration (Project No. 51509155)".Based on the regional experiment of rice experiment in Dalien, Wenxiang Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province in 2016, this paper carried out an orthogonal experiment.The effects of different plant spacing (A: 14 / 17 / 20), row spacing (B: 20 / 25 / 30), and the number of plants per hole (C: 4 / 6 / 8) on the growth, yield, quality and economic performance of rice were studied.In order to determine the best planting density of direct seeding with film mulching,To provide a scientific theoretical basis for the planting density of new rice film mulching direct seeding technology. (1) the relationship between growth and density in the medium term: through orthogonal experiment, it was concluded that the plant spacing of film mulching direct seeding was 14, row distance 25, grain number 8.The relationship between yield components and density was as follows: the number of effective grains per panicle was significantly affected by plant spacing and row spacing, among which row spacing was the most important.When the row spacing is larger than 20cm, the number of grains per panicle increases with the increase of row spacing, and when the row spacing exceeds 25cm, the number of effective grains per panicle remains stable, which indicates that row spacing in 25-30cm is beneficial to increase the number of grains per panicle.It can be seen from the trend map that the number of grains per panicle increases with the increase of plant spacing, which is positively correlated.It can be seen from the trend map that the number of grains per hole decreases first with the increase of the number of plants per hole.The number of effective panicles decreased with the increase of row spacing and plant spacing.It is concluded that the number of effective panicles per hole in rice is inversely proportional to the planting density.The number of effective panicles of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of the number of plants per hole.The effect on 1000-grain weight: the plant spacing is not the bigger the better. When the plant spacing is less than 17cm the height of seedlings increases with the decrease of plant spacing but the increase is not very obvious and reaches the maximum when the plant spacing is 20 cm.Through the analysis of experimental data, the rice yield was the highest when the plant spacing was 20 cm, the row spacing was 30 cm, and the number of grains per hole was 6, and the yield of rice planted by the new rice film mulching direct seeding technique was the highest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511

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