本文選題：水稻　切入點：育苗盤　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：試驗于2016在沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)以常規(guī)稻品種沈稻47、沈稻505和雜交稻品種粳優(yōu)586為試材,設(shè)置W1:常規(guī)軟盤育苗(移栽密度30 cm×20 cm)、W2:434孔缽盤育苗(移栽密度30cm×20cm)、W3:288孔缽盤育苗(移栽密度30cm×30cm)和W4:128孔缽盤育苗(移栽密度30 cm×60 cm)4種育苗移栽組合處理,研究不同缽盤和插秧穴距對水稻秧苗素質(zhì)、群體建成、光合特性和產(chǎn)量形成的影響,初步確立育苗缽盤規(guī)格與插秧穴距的高產(chǎn)組合。主要結(jié)果如下:1.秧苗素質(zhì)方面,同一育苗方式不同品種間秧苗素質(zhì)差異不顯著,同一水稻品種不同育苗方式間差異顯著,所有參試材料根長、百苗地下干重以及根冠比均表現(xiàn)W4W3W2W1,其中,W4和W3的秧苗根長、百苗地下干重和根冠比顯著或極顯著高于W2和W1。因此,在育苗時使用W4能有效降低秧苗株高,促進(jìn)秧苗矮壯、根系發(fā)達(dá),有效提高植株在苗期的抗逆性。2.群體建成方面,不同水稻品種的莖蘗數(shù)均表現(xiàn)W4W3W2W1。利用缽盤育苗秧苗返青快,分蘗發(fā)生早,高峰苗(拔節(jié)期前后)群體大,保證了單位面積有效穗數(shù)。同一品種不同育苗方式移栽的水稻葉片和莖鞘的表觀轉(zhuǎn)運量都存在W4W3W2W1,說明水稻地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運量跟育苗方式和移栽穴距之間存在著較大的聯(lián)系,穴距越大,各器官干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運量越大。3.光合特性方面,利用W4育苗的水稻葉綠素含量極顯著高于其他育苗方式,印證了大孔缽盤育苗時秧苗素質(zhì)好,移栽后返青快,能充分發(fā)揮其群體調(diào)節(jié)能力的特點。雜交稻品種粳優(yōu)586在各個時期的葉面積要顯著高于兩個常規(guī)稻品種;對于同一品種的水稻來說,隨著缽盤孔數(shù)的減少,移栽密度的增大,單葉面積也在不斷增大。對于3個水稻品種來說,W4育苗處理底層光強和頂層光強差距最小,冠層輻射傳輸率最大,說明其群體的光能利用率最高,雜交稻品種粳優(yōu)586品種在W4育苗和W3育苗移栽時水稻底層光照與其他2種育苗方式相比差異達(dá)到了極顯著水平。沈稻47和粳優(yōu)586的氣孔導(dǎo)度都隨著缽盤孔數(shù)的降低逐漸增大,胞間CO2濃度相應(yīng)降低,蒸騰速率和凈光合速率都隨著孔數(shù)的降低逐漸增大,這也意味著利用缽盤育苗時,缽盤孔越大相應(yīng)插秧的穴距越大,光合作用越強。4.群體產(chǎn)量和農(nóng)藝性狀方面,雜交稻品種粳優(yōu)586的穗長要顯著長于常規(guī)稻品種沈稻47和沈稻505。同一品種穗長在不同處理下的表現(xiàn)呈現(xiàn)W1W4W2W3,有效穗數(shù)同一品種不同處理之間差異性極顯著,育苗孔數(shù)越少,移栽穴距越大,單位面積穴數(shù)越少,導(dǎo)致單位面積穗數(shù)低于W1,4個育苗移栽處理下的水稻千粒重呈現(xiàn)W3W1W2W4,這說明在行距一定的情況下,增加密度可能會因增強灌漿期植株個體間的營養(yǎng)競爭而導(dǎo)致籽粒變小、千粒重下降。雜交稻品種粳優(yōu)586的產(chǎn)量極顯著高于2個常規(guī)稻品種;對于常規(guī)稻品種來說,W3處理的水稻實際產(chǎn)量要高于其他處理,常規(guī)稻品種沈稻47和沈稻505在W3處理下產(chǎn)量比W1有一定程度的提高。
[Abstract]:The experiment was conducted in Shenyang Agricultural University in 2016, with the conventional rice varieties Shendao 47, Shendao 505 and hybrid rice variety Jingyou 586 as the test materials.The effects of different pot plates and hole spacing on seedling quality, population formation, photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation of rice seedlings were studied.The main results are as follows: 1.In the aspect of seedling quality, there was no significant difference in seedling quality among different varieties in the same seedling rearing mode, but there was significant difference among different seedling rearing methods in the same rice variety, and the root length of all the tested materials was long.The root length, underground dry weight and root shoot ratio of W4W3W2W1 were significantly or extremely higher than those of W2 and W1, and the root length, underground dry weight and root-shoot ratio of W4 and W3 were significantly higher than those of W2 and W1.Therefore, the use of W4 in seedling breeding can effectively reduce the height of seedling, promote the seedling to be short and strong, develop the root system, and effectively improve the stress resistance of the plant at seedling stage.In terms of population formation, the number of tillers in different rice varieties showed W4W3W2W1.Using the pot dish to raise seedlings quickly, tiller occurred early, the peak seedling (before and after jointing stage) population was large, which ensured the effective panicle number per unit area.The apparent transport of W4W3W2W1 in the leaves and stems and sheaths of the same cultivar with different seedling rearing methods showed that there was a great relationship between the dry matter transport in the aboveground part of rice and the seedling rearing mode and the distance of the transplanting hole, and the bigger the hole distance was, the more the difference was between the dry matter transport in the aboveground part and the length of the transplanting hole.The larger the dry matter transport of each organ.In terms of photosynthetic characteristics, the chlorophyll content of rice raised by W4 was significantly higher than that of other breeding methods, which proved that the quality of seedling was good and the seedling turned green quickly after transplanting, which could give full play to the ability of population regulation.The leaf area of hybrid rice Japonica 586 was significantly higher than that of two conventional rice varieties at each stage, and the single leaf area was increasing with the decrease of bowl hole number and the increase of transplanting density.For the three rice varieties, the difference between the light intensity of the bottom layer and the top layer was the smallest, and the radiation transfer rate of the canopy was the largest, which indicated that the light energy utilization rate of the population was the highest.The stomatal conductance of Shendao 47 and Jingyou 586 increased with the decrease of the number of holes in the bowl, the concentration of intercellular CO2 decreased, and the transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate increased with the decrease of the number of holes.The larger the hole in the bowl, the larger the hole spacing, the stronger the photosynthesis. 4.In terms of population yield and agronomic characters, the panicle length of hybrid rice variety Jingyou 586 was significantly longer than that of the conventional rice varieties Shendao-47 and Shen-rice-505.Under different treatments, the panicle length of the same variety showed W1W4W2W3, and the number of effective panicles varied significantly between different treatments. The fewer the number of holes in seedling raising, the larger the hole distance of transplanting, the less the number of holes per unit area.As a result, the panicle number per unit area was lower than that of W1, and the 1000-grain weight of rice treated with 4 transplanting treatments was W3W1W2W4, which indicated that under certain row spacing, the increase of density might lead to the decrease of grain size due to the enhancement of nutritional competition among individuals at grain filling stage.The weight of a thousand seeds drops.The yield of hybrid rice Japonica 586 was significantly higher than that of two conventional rice varieties, and the actual yield of rice treated with W3 was higher than that of other treatments.Under the treatment of W3, the yield of the conventional rice varieties Shendao 47 and Shendao 505 was higher than that of W1 to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S511
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本文編號：1721194