本文選題：小刺猴頭菌發(fā)酵浸膏　切入點(diǎn)：草魚(yú)　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文研究了小刺猴頭發(fā)酵浸膏[submerged fermentation concentrate of Herici um caput-medusae(Bull.:Fr.)Pers.,HFC]對(duì)草魚(yú)血液生化指標(biāo)、抗嗜水氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染能力、腸道形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及消化酶活力的影響。同時(shí)采用PCR-DGGE技術(shù)研究HFC對(duì)草魚(yú)腸道菌群組成的影響。本試驗(yàn)共選用600條草魚(yú)幼魚(yú)隨機(jī)分為4組,3個(gè)重復(fù)/組,50條草魚(yú)/重復(fù)。投喂基礎(chǔ)飼料(添加0 mg/kg)和試驗(yàn)飼料(400mg/kg、800mg/kg、1200mg/kg)分別記作H0組、H400組、H800組、H1200組。對(duì)草魚(yú)進(jìn)行45d的飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),分別在15d、30d、45d采集血液樣本,檢測(cè)血清中白蛋白(ALB)、總蛋白(TP)含量,酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、總超氧化歧化酶(T-SOD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、堿性磷酸酶(AKP)的活力。并采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附劑法檢測(cè)(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,ELISA)45d血清中免疫球蛋白IgM、細(xì)胞因子白介素2(IL-2)、白介素10(IL-10)和腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)含量。在飼喂試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后腹腔注射A.hydrophila進(jìn)行感染試驗(yàn),計(jì)算感染后96h存活率。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,飼喂30d后H1200組較H0組的ALB、TP含量顯著升高(p0.05)。各濃度添加組均能提高草魚(yú)血清中T-SOD、ACP、LSZ、AKP活力((p0.05);與對(duì)照組相比,H1200組草魚(yú)血清中IL-2、IL-10的含量增加(p0.05);且飼喂不同濃度HFC均能提高草魚(yú)抗嗜水氣單胞菌的存活率。采集飼喂15d、30d、45d各組腸道內(nèi)食糜樣品,利用PCR-DGGE技術(shù)對(duì)腸道菌群進(jìn)行檢測(cè),結(jié)果顯示草魚(yú)腸道菌群主要細(xì)菌具有一定的多樣性,主要菌群為厚壁菌門(mén)(Firmicutes)、變形菌門(mén)(Proteobacteria)、放線(xiàn)菌門(mén)(Actinobacteria)和疣微菌門(mén)(Verrucomicrobia)。大部分為革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌,少數(shù)為革蘭氏陽(yáng)性細(xì)菌,且減少有害菌的數(shù)量。采集15d、30d、45d各組腸道及內(nèi)容物,檢測(cè)HFC對(duì)草魚(yú)消化功能的影響。采用切片方法,測(cè)量腸道隱窩深度、絨毛長(zhǎng)度并計(jì)算V/C比值,結(jié)果表明HFC能促進(jìn)前、后腸絨毛生長(zhǎng),與H0組相比前腸V/C比值增加明顯(p0.05),而對(duì)后腸V/C比值作用不顯著(p0.05)。各組添加濃度HFC均能顯著提高胰蛋白酶(Trypsin)活力(p0.05),對(duì)淀粉酶(Amylas)活力影響不顯著(p0.05),添加濃度800mg/kg、1200mg/kg HFC對(duì)脂肪酶(Lipase)活力有一定的抑制作用。綜上所述,添加800~1200mg/kg的HFC對(duì)草魚(yú)的免疫功能、腸道菌群及消化功能均有改善作用。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the small constituents of [submerged fermentation concentrate of hair yeast extract Herici um caput-medusae (Bull.: Fr.) Pers., HFC] on blood biochemical indexes of grass carp, anti Aeromonas hydrophila (Aeromonas hydrophila) infection, intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity. At the same time using PCR-DGGE technology to study the effects of HFC on intestinal flora of grass carp group composition. This experiment selected 600 grass carp were randomly divided into 4 groups, 3 replicates per group, 50 grass carp / repeat. Feeding basal diet (containing 0 mg/kg) and test (400mg/kg, 800mg/kg, 1200mg/kg feed) were recorded as H0 group, H400 group, H800 group, H1200 group. Grass carp 45d feeding trial, respectively in 15d, 30d, 45d and blood samples were collected to detect serum albumin (ALB), total protein content (TP), acid phosphatase (ACP), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), lysozyme (LSZ), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent, Assays, ELISA) of immunoglobulin IgM in serum of 45d, interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- alpha) content. In the feeding experiment after intraperitoneal injection of A.hydrophila infection test, calculate infection after the survival rate of 96h. The experimental results show that the ALB H1200 group than in H0 group after feeding 30d, TP content increased significantly (P0.05). Each concentration group can improve the T-SOD, grass carp LSZ, ACP in serum, the activity of AKP ((P0.05); compared with the control group, IL-2 group, grass carp H1200 in serum increased the content of IL-10 (P0.05); and with different concentrations of HFC could improve the survival rate of grass carp against Aeromonas hydrophila. Acquisition feeding 15d 30d, 45d groups of intestinal digesta samples to detect intestinal bacteria by using PCR-DGGE technology, results showed that the intestinal flora is mainly bacteria with grass carp The diversity of flora as Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (Firmicutes) (Proteobacteria), actinobacteria (Actinobacteria) and verrucomicrobia (Verrucomicrobia). The majority of gram negative bacteria, a few Gram-positive bacteria, and reduce the number of harmful bacteria. Acquisition 15d, 30d. 45d group and intestinal contents, to study the effect of HFC on digestive function. Grass carp uses the slice method, measurement of intestinal crypt depth and villus length and the ratio of V/C was calculated, the results show that HFC can promote the growth of intestinal villi, compared with H0 group, the V/ ratio of C increased significantly before (P0.05), and the ratio of V/C on intestinal function significant (P0.05). The concentration of HFC was significantly increased trypsin activity (Trypsin) (P0.05), the amylase (Amylas) activity had no significant effect (P0.05), the concentration of 800mg/kg, 1200mg/ kg HFC (Lipase) on lipase activity inhibition. In summary, the addition of 800~1200mg/kg HFC on immune function of grass carp, improve intestinal microflora and digestive function was found.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S965.112

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