本文選題：玉米　切入點(diǎn)：膜側(cè)滴灌　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：針對寧夏揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū)大田玉米水肥利用率低、滴灌投入高、勞動強(qiáng)度大等實際問題,本研究在國家旱作高效節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)科技示范園(同心縣王團(tuán)鎮(zhèn))進(jìn)行試驗,共設(shè)置9種不同灌溉模式組合,系統(tǒng)研究了不同灌溉模式(膜側(cè)滴灌、膜下滴灌、露地滴灌)與灌溉定額(160、200、240 m3/667m2)對玉米生長發(fā)育、水分分布特征及水分生產(chǎn)函數(shù)的影響,并通過建立揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū)玉米膜側(cè)節(jié)水灌溉水分生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型,篩選出最佳節(jié)水技術(shù)模式,為揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū)玉米水資源高效利用提供理論支撐和技術(shù)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、通過田間對比試驗,不同灌溉模式組合對玉米生長發(fā)育、水分利用效率及產(chǎn)量的研究。結(jié)果表明,膜側(cè)滴灌種植玉米生育期時長、株高、莖粗、葉片數(shù)、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)積累量、產(chǎn)量最佳。不同灌水定額和種植模式處理的玉米產(chǎn)量之間存在顯著性差異。膜側(cè)滴灌低水量的水分生產(chǎn)效率最高,達(dá)到2.85kg/m3(產(chǎn)量為686.94kg/667m2),露地滴灌高水量的水分生產(chǎn)效率最低,為1.96 kg/m3(產(chǎn)量為657.33 kg/667m2)。膜側(cè)滴灌高水量產(chǎn)量最高,為728.79 kg/667m2,但水分生產(chǎn)效率僅為2.31 kg/m3,說明產(chǎn)量高,水分生產(chǎn)效率不一定最高。膜側(cè)滴灌種植玉米產(chǎn)量及水分生產(chǎn)效率高于其他灌溉技術(shù),是寧夏揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū)適宜的節(jié)水灌溉技術(shù),灌溉定額為160 m3的玉米水分生產(chǎn)效率最高,節(jié)水增效明顯,可作為當(dāng)?shù)剌^適宜的灌溉制度。2、玉米全生育期,土壤含水率均呈現(xiàn)出隨土層深度增加而增加,隨后逐漸減小的變化趨勢。在相同灌溉定額下,苗期膜下滴灌種植和膜側(cè)滴灌種植模式0-20 cm 土壤含水率比露地滴灌種植分別高9.80%和13.6%;拔節(jié)期20-40 cm 土層深度膜側(cè)滴灌種植與膜下滴灌種植的土壤含水率比露地滴灌種植分別高5.00%和3.80%;抽雄期膜側(cè)滴灌種植模式比其他兩種種植模式20-40 cm 土壤含水率分別高1.58%和4.68%;灌漿期膜側(cè)滴灌種植模式比其他兩種種植模式20-40 cm土壤含水率分別高0.20%和2.53%,說明膜側(cè)滴灌種植模式可以明顯提高玉米根系吸水層的土壤含水率。3、通過采用多元回歸分析方法,建立玉米膜側(cè)節(jié)水灌溉水分生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型,并對模擬效果進(jìn)行評價,結(jié)果表明,Jensen模型符合玉米生長需水規(guī)律,模擬值與實測值高度吻合,模擬精度較高。對Jensen模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行F顯著性檢驗,達(dá)到極顯著水平(P0.01,S=0.06),預(yù)測出的產(chǎn)量比較精確。該模型可作為寧夏揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū)膜側(cè)雙行靠滴灌玉米的水分生產(chǎn)函數(shù)模型,為寧夏揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū)玉米優(yōu)化灌溉制度設(shè)計提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In view of the practical problems such as low utilization rate of water and fertilizer, high input of drip irrigation and large labor intensity in the field of Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation District, the experiment was carried out in the National demonstration Garden of High-efficiency Water-saving Agricultural Science and Technology (Wangtuanzhen, Tongxin County).The effects of different irrigation patterns (film side drip irrigation, submembrane drip irrigation, open field drip irrigation) and irrigation quota (160200240 m3 / 667m2) on maize growth and development, water distribution characteristics and water production function were studied.Through the establishment of water production function model of water-saving irrigation on film side of maize in Yanghuang Irrigation area, the best water-saving technology model is selected, which provides theoretical support and technical basis for the efficient utilization of water resources of maize in Yanghuang Irrigation area.The main results are as follows: 1. Through field contrast experiment, the effects of different irrigation patterns on maize growth, water use efficiency and yield were studied.The results showed that the growth period, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield were the best.There was significant difference in maize yield between different irrigation quota and planting pattern.The water production efficiency of drip irrigation was the highest, reaching 2.85 kg / m ~ (3) (yield 686.94 kg / 667m ~ (2)), and the water production efficiency of high water content in open-field drip irrigation was the lowest (1.96 kg / m ~ (3)) (yield was 657.33 kg / 667m ~ (2)).The highest water yield was 728.79 kg / 667m2, but the water production efficiency was only 2.31 kg / m ~ (3), which indicated that the yield was high and the water production efficiency was not the highest.The yield and water production efficiency of maize planted by film side drip irrigation was higher than other irrigation techniques, and it was an appropriate water-saving irrigation technology in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia. The irrigation quota of 160 m3 was the highest in water production efficiency, and the efficiency of water saving and increasing efficiency was obvious.The soil moisture content increased with the increase of soil depth and then decreased gradually.Under the same irrigation quota,The soil moisture content of 0-20 cm soil was 9.80% and 13.6% higher than that of open field drip irrigation cultivation, respectively, and the soil moisture content of 20 ~ 40 cm depth film drip irrigation planting and under film drip irrigation planting was higher than that of open field drip irrigation at jointing stage 20 ~ 40 cm depth.The soil moisture content of the film side drip irrigation was 1.58% and 4.68% higher than that of the other two planting models, respectively, and the film side drip irrigation planting pattern was 20 ~ 40 cm higher than the other two planting models in filling stage. The soil moisture content of the film side drip irrigation was higher than that of the other two planting models. The soil moisture content of the film side drip irrigation was 1.58% and 4.68% higher than that of the other two planting models respectively.0.20% and 2.53% higher, indicating that the soil moisture content of root absorbent layer of maize can be significantly increased by film side drip irrigation, and the method of multivariate regression analysis was used.The water production function model of water-saving irrigation on film side of maize was established, and the simulation effect was evaluated. The results showed that the Jensen model accords with the law of maize growth water demand, and the simulated value is in good agreement with the measured value, and the simulation accuracy is high.The Jensen model parameters were tested by F significance test and reached the extremely significant level (P0.01S0. 06), and the predicted yield was more accurate.The model can be used as the water production function model of drip irrigation maize on film side in Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation area, and provides the theoretical basis for the optimal irrigation system design of maize in Ningxia Yanghuang Irrigation area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513;S152.7

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本文編號：1710547