發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-04 14:39

  本文選題：植物多樣性　切入點(diǎn)：海島型城市　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究采用全面樣方與典型樣地相結(jié)合的方式,測(cè)定5個(gè)公園的植物多樣性,并篩選出11個(gè)具有代表性的典型樣地,測(cè)定群落結(jié)構(gòu)的組成、結(jié)構(gòu)特征及夏季7-9月的微氣候(光照、風(fēng)速、溫度和相對(duì)濕度),分析與探討公園植物多樣性的影響因素,群落結(jié)構(gòu)夏季微氣候的影響因子,揭示海壇島公園植物多樣性及群落結(jié)構(gòu)夏季微氣候之間的相關(guān)性,為公園植物多樣性提升、植物群落構(gòu)建與優(yōu)化提出建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)。結(jié)果表明:(1)5個(gè)公園共有植物89科208屬276種,含野生植物146種和園林植物131種,公園發(fā)現(xiàn)銀杏Ginkgo biloba、珊瑚菜Glehnia littoralis等,體現(xiàn)著瀕危植物與特色植物的保護(hù)與利用。外來(lái)植物118種,國(guó)外來(lái)源92種和國(guó)內(nèi)來(lái)源26種。外來(lái)植物修飾生境的同時(shí)也具有入侵可能,每個(gè)公園出現(xiàn)入侵植物10種以上,占國(guó)外外來(lái)植物的38.04%。從植物區(qū)系上分析,含≥10種的科有菊科Asteraceae、豆科Fabaceae、大戟科Euphorbiaceae等,含2-4種的科占較大比例。含≥10種的屬有榕屬Ficus,單種屬占較高比例。外來(lái)植物豐富了公園植物區(qū)系,其熱帶成分較原生植物為明顯,對(duì)適生植物篩選與引種具有借鑒意義。生境與綠地設(shè)計(jì)促使濱海公園與離海公園的植物多樣性產(chǎn)生差異,有助于β多樣性的提高。濱海惡劣生境使得濱海公園較離海公園的植物多樣性低。人工綠地設(shè)計(jì)造成公園間的植物物種同質(zhì)化程度高,缺乏特色植物。(2)由CCA分析(Canonicalcorrespondenceanalysis)結(jié)果顯示植物群落內(nèi)的不同樹(shù)種對(duì)溫濕度的調(diào)節(jié)具有差異,而樹(shù)冠面積、喬木高度等群落結(jié)構(gòu)能掩蓋個(gè)體樹(shù)種的優(yōu)勢(shì)。逐步回歸結(jié)果表明溫度效應(yīng)由環(huán)境因子(光照和風(fēng)速)、群落組成與結(jié)構(gòu)(喬木層Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、樹(shù)冠面積和喬木高度)共同影響,濕度效應(yīng)由群落結(jié)構(gòu)(樹(shù)冠面積、枝下高和冠層郁閉度)相互作用影響,群落的組成與結(jié)構(gòu)降低光照和風(fēng)速對(duì)溫濕效應(yīng)的影響。樣方的不舒適程度均為Ⅳ級(jí)以上,可能與太陽(yáng)輻射在熱傳導(dǎo)過(guò)程造成的環(huán)境高溫有關(guān)。(3)由植物群落評(píng)價(jià)的準(zhǔn)則層權(quán)重值可知,生態(tài)功能較文化社會(huì)功能和景觀功能更受到重視。海壇島公園植物群落構(gòu)建中,健康安全度被認(rèn)為是基礎(chǔ)與重點(diǎn),舒適度其次。地域特色的權(quán)重值相對(duì)較低,重視程度較低。植物群落評(píng)價(jià)體系為海壇島公園植物群落的優(yōu)化與構(gòu)建提供參考。針對(duì)海壇島公園在植物應(yīng)用與植物群落構(gòu)建的現(xiàn)狀,提出在觀賞物種篩選、外來(lái)物種的管理、生境改善3個(gè)方面相應(yīng)的建議。
[Abstract]:In this study, the plant diversity of 5 parks was determined by the combination of comprehensive plots and typical plots, and 11 representative typical plots were selected to determine the composition of community structure.The structure characteristics and microclimate (light, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity) in July and September in summer were analyzed and discussed. The influencing factors of plant diversity and community structure in summer were analyzed and discussed.To reveal the correlation between plant diversity and community structure in Haitan Island Park in summer, and put forward some constructive suggestions for the improvement of plant diversity and the construction and optimization of plant community in Haitan Island Park.The results showed that there were 276 species of plants in 89 families, 208 genera, including 146 species of wild plants and 131 species of garden plants in 5 parks. Ginkgo biloba and Glehnia littoralis were found in the park, which showed the protection and utilization of endangered plants and characteristic plants.118 species of exotic plants, 92 species from abroad and 26 species from domestic sources.There are more than 10 invasive plants in each park, accounting for 38.04% of foreign exotic plants.Flora analysis showed that the families containing more than 10 species were Asteraceaeae, Fabaceaeae, Euphorbiaceae and so on, and the families containing 2-4 species accounted for a large proportion.Ficus, which contains more than 10 species, has a higher proportion in single genus.The exotic plants enrich the flora of the park, and their tropical components are more obvious than those of the native plants, which can be used for reference in the selection and introduction of suitable plants.The design of habitat and greenbelt promotes the difference of plant diversity between coastal park and off-sea park, and contributes to the improvement of 尾 -diversity.The plant diversity of littoral park is lower than that of off-sea park.Artificial greenbelt design resulted in high degree of homogenization of plant species among parks, and lack of characteristic plants. (2) the results of CCA analysis showed that the regulation of temperature and humidity was different among different species in plant community, but the canopy area was different.The community structure such as tree height can cover up the superiority of individual tree species.The results of stepwise regression showed that the temperature effect was affected by environmental factors (light and wind speed), community composition and structure (Shannon-Wiener index of tree layer, crown area and tree height), and humidity effect was affected by community structure (canopy area).The community composition and structure reduced the effect of light and wind speed on the temperature and humidity effect.The uncomfortableness degree of the sample is above grade 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1710389