本文選題：株行距配置　切入點(diǎn)：光合作用　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)日光溫室黃瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)生產(chǎn)中農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝的結(jié)合,減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,提高勞動(dòng)效率,本文以‘津綠30’為試材,設(shè)置株行距分別為22 cm×50 cm,120 cm(T1);26 cm×50 cm,120 cm(T2);30 cm×50 cm,120 cm(T3)3個(gè)處理,以當(dāng)前常規(guī)行株距配置31 cm×50 cm,70 cm為對(duì)照(CK),研究株行距配置對(duì)黃瓜光合作用、碳代謝、生長(zhǎng)量、產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1.行距相同時(shí),隨著株距的減小和種植密度的增加,植株各層次葉片的葉面積和光量子通量密度(PFD)逐漸增加。單位土地面積上T2和T3的葉面積多明顯小于CK,而T1與CK差異不顯著。2.各時(shí)期光合速率(Pn)均以第4葉最高,第1葉和8葉其次,第12葉最低。不同株行距配置黃瓜葉片的Pn日變化規(guī)律基本相同,均呈單峰曲線型,高峰出現(xiàn)在13:00左右。各處理日光溫室黃瓜的光飽和點(diǎn)差異不大,而T3的光補(bǔ)償點(diǎn)明顯大于CK。與CK相比,T1的表觀量子效率(AQY)較大,而T2、T3變化較小。3.隨著單位面積株數(shù)的減少,黃瓜功能葉片的核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)和Rubisco活性酶(RCA)活性趨于增大;加大行距可促進(jìn)黃瓜葉片有機(jī)碳的轉(zhuǎn)化和糖的積累。4.T1、T2、T3日光溫室黃瓜的發(fā)病率和病情指數(shù)均顯著低于CK,說(shuō)明增加大行距可明顯減輕病害發(fā)生。黃瓜單位面積土地上的葉面積和干物質(zhì)量隨著種植密度的減小而減小,與CK相比,T2和T3的葉/瓜較小,而T1變化不大。T1處理的黃瓜產(chǎn)量與CK差異不顯著,而T2和T3的明顯低于CK。5.隨著單位面積株數(shù)的減少,黃瓜果實(shí)中的可溶性糖、蛋白、氨基酸和Vc含量多趨于增加,T1與CK差異不大�？梢�(jiàn),在單位面積株數(shù)相同條件下,增加行距減小株距對(duì)黃瓜產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)影響不大,可在產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)不受影響的前提下實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化操作。
[Abstract]:In order to realize Cucumis sativus L.The combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy in production can lighten the labor intensity and improve the labor efficiency. In this paper, 'Jinlu 30' was used as the test material, and the plant row spacing was 22 cm 脳 50 cm / kg 120 cm ~ (-1) and 26 cm 脳 50 cm ~ (-1) ~ (26 cm 脳 50 cm ~ (-1) ~ 120 cm ~ (-1) C ~ (2)) ~ (30 cm 脳 50 cm ~ (-1) ~ (120) cm ~ (T3)), respectively.The effects of row spacing on photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, growth, yield and quality of cucumber were studied.The main results are as follows: 1.With the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of plant density, the leaf area and light quantum flux density (PFDs) of leaves at all levels of the plant increased with the same row spacing.The leaf area of T2 and T3 on unit land area was much smaller than that of CK, but there was no significant difference between T1 and CK.The photosynthetic rate (PN) was the highest in the 4th leaf, followed by the first leaf and the eighth leaf, and the lowest in the 12th leaf.The rule of PN diurnal variation of cucumber leaves with different plant spacing was basically the same, and all of them showed a single peak curve, and the peak appeared at about 13:00.The light saturation point of cucumber in solar greenhouse was not different, but the light compensation point of T3 was significantly higher than that of CK.Compared with CK, the apparent quantum efficiency of T 1 is higher than that of CK, while the change of T 2 T 3 is smaller. 3.With the decrease of the number of plants per unit area, the activities of rubus carboxylase (RuBPC) and Rubisco activity enzyme (rca) in cucumber functional leaves tended to increase.Increasing row spacing could promote the conversion of organic carbon in cucumber leaves and the accumulation of sugar. 4. The incidence and disease index of cucumber in solar greenhouse were significantly lower than that in CK.The leaf area and dry matter mass of cucumber per unit area decreased with the decrease of planting density, and the leaf / melon ratio of T _ 2 and T _ 3 was smaller than that of CK, while the yield of cucumber treated with T1 was not significantly different from CK, but the yield of T _ 2 and T _ 3 was significantly lower than CK, and that of T _ 2 and T _ 3 was significantly lower than that of CK.With the decrease of plant number per unit area, the contents of soluble sugar, protein, amino acid and VC in cucumber fruit tended to increase.Therefore, under the same number of plants per unit area, increasing row spacing and decreasing plant spacing had little effect on yield and quality of cucumber, and mechanized operation could be realized on the premise that yield and quality were not affected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S626;S642.2

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