本文選題：土壤基礎(chǔ)生產(chǎn)力　切入點(diǎn)：玉米　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：糧食增產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)期剛性需求和當(dāng)前化肥農(nóng)藥"零增長(zhǎng)"的發(fā)展背景下,以更少氮肥投入獲得更高產(chǎn)量需要挖掘土壤生產(chǎn)潛力。但提升土壤基礎(chǔ)生產(chǎn)力(ISP)能否協(xié)同提高玉米產(chǎn)量和氮肥利用效率(NUE)尚不明確。定量化解析ISP與玉米產(chǎn)量及NUE的關(guān)系及其生態(tài)生理機(jī)制,探討影響ISP的主控因子,將為依靠地力提升實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米產(chǎn)量與NUE協(xié)同提升提供基礎(chǔ)性依據(jù)。本研究立足于內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)從東到西較大跨度下ISP的差異,采用多生態(tài)區(qū)定位聯(lián)網(wǎng)試驗(yàn),通過(guò)土壤管理模式(常規(guī)管理,CP;地力提升,IISP)×密度(6.0萬(wàn)株/hm2、8.25萬(wàn)株/hm2、10.5萬(wàn)株/hm2)×施氮量(0 kg/hm2、220kg/hm2)交互,創(chuàng)造不同氮效率群體,系統(tǒng)分析了土壤基礎(chǔ)生產(chǎn)力與產(chǎn)量和NUE的關(guān)系及其土壤生態(tài)與作物生理過(guò)程。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)提升土壤基礎(chǔ)生產(chǎn)力可實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米產(chǎn)量和氮肥效率協(xié)同提高。當(dāng)ISP提升到8.7 t/hm2以上時(shí),可實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量和PFPN同步提高;當(dāng)ISP提升到10 t/hm2以上時(shí),可實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量與NUE同步提高。高密和低氮群體在較高ISP水平下可獲得較高產(chǎn)量,說(shuō)明提升ISP是增密減氮增產(chǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ)。(2)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、有效氮含量、土壤氮礦化量、土壤氮表觀損失(N losses)與水分利用效率(WUE)是影響ISP和施氮產(chǎn)量主要因素;而NUE主要受土壤氮礦化量、N losses和WUE影響;土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量間接影響土壤有效氮水平、氮素礦化能力和水分涵養(yǎng)能力,是影響ISP的核心。IISP模式顯著提高土壤氮礦化量(16.0%),顯著降低N losses(11.4%),顯著提高WUE(12.9%),其較佳的土壤水氮環(huán)境是其高產(chǎn)高效的重要基礎(chǔ)。(3)ISP低于10t/hm2時(shí),土壤供氮能力不足使施氮產(chǎn)量增速低于ISP增速,NUE隨ISP明顯降低;ISP提高到10t/hm2以上時(shí),土壤供氮能力不是制約因子后,ISP提升協(xié)同優(yōu)化了源庫(kù)比和花后營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官碳氮轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)能力,通過(guò)提高千粒重和氮肥生理效率(NIE)實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)量和NUE系統(tǒng)提高。施氮量與密度互作對(duì)ISP與產(chǎn)量和NUE的關(guān)系的顯著影響,以及土壤管理模式×施氮量×密度的顯著互作效應(yīng),說(shuō)明通過(guò)地力提升實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米產(chǎn)量和氮效率協(xié)同提高需要結(jié)合增密減氮等其他措施,發(fā)揮其與氮密的綜合互作效應(yīng)。(4)基于當(dāng)前的玉米產(chǎn)量水平,若使產(chǎn)量與氮肥生產(chǎn)效率(PFPN)協(xié)同提高15%,ISP需提高到10 t/hm2,在此情境下土壤氮礦化量和WUE將達(dá)99.1 kg/hm2和27.2kg hm-2 mm-1,N losses 則為 117.3 kg/hm2;所需施氮量為 206.1kg/hm2,將較 8.7t/hm2 的ISP水平節(jié)氮46.4%。若使產(chǎn)量與PFPN協(xié)同提高30%,ISP需提高至11.6 t/hm2,此時(shí)的土壤氮礦化量和WUE將達(dá)119.4 kg/hm2和32.7kg hm-2 mm-1,而N losses將降低至96.7kg/hm2;所需施氮量則降低為176.1kg/hm2,將較8.7t/hm2的ISP水平節(jié)氮67.4%。
[Abstract]:Under the background of long-term rigid demand for increasing grain yield and "zero growth" of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, it is necessary to tap the potential of soil production to obtain higher yield with less nitrogen input.However, it is not clear whether ISP can increase maize yield and N use efficiency.The quantitative analysis of the relationship between ISP and maize yield and NUE and its ecological physiological mechanism, and the discussion of the main controlling factors affecting ISP, will provide the basic basis for realizing the synergistic enhancement of maize yield and NUE by soil fertility enhancement.Based on the difference of ISP between east and west in Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, this study adopts multi-ecological location networking test.Different nitrogen efficiency groups were created by interaction of soil management model (conventional management system) 脳 density (60000 / hm ~ (2), 82500 / hm ~ (2), 105000 / hm ~ (2)) 脳 N application rate of 0 kg / hm ~ (2) ~ (2) kg 路hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2).The relationship between soil basic productivity and yield and NUE, soil ecology and crop physiological process were systematically analyzed.The main results are as follows: (1) improving soil basic productivity can achieve synergistic improvement of maize yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency.When ISP is raised above 8.7 t/hm2, the output and PFPN can be increased synchronously, and when ISP is raised to more than 10 t/hm2, the output can be increased synchronously with NUE.High density and low nitrogen population can obtain higher yield at higher ISP level, indicating that increasing ISP is an important basis for increasing density and decreasing nitrogen yield. 2) soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content, soil nitrogen mineralization amount, soil organic matter content, available nitrogen content and soil nitrogen mineralization amount.The apparent loss of soil nitrogen (N) and water use efficiency (Wue) were the main factors affecting ISP and N application yield, while NUE was mainly affected by N mineralization, N losses and WUE, and soil organic matter content indirectly affected soil available nitrogen level.姘礌鐭垮寲鑳藉姏鍜屾按鍒嗘兜鍏昏兘鍔，

本文編號(hào)：1702630