本文選題：水稻　切入點(diǎn)：苗期施氮量　出處：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了明確苗期施氮量、澆水溫度和pH值三個(gè)因子及它們的互作效應(yīng)對(duì)水稻秧苗素質(zhì)、產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的影響,本試驗(yàn)選用墾粳5號(hào)水稻為試驗(yàn)材料,采用了3因子5水平二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合設(shè)計(jì),研究不同苗期施氮量、澆水溫度、pH值對(duì)水稻秧苗素質(zhì)、產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)的影響,以期為墾粳5號(hào)水稻培育壯苗、高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)提供理論參考。研究主要結(jié)果如下:水稻秧苗的株高、葉齡、根長(zhǎng)、莖基寬、充實(shí)度、百株地上干重、百株地下干重指標(biāo)隨著苗期施氮量、澆水溫度、pH值的增加,均表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降的變化趨勢(shì);其中株高、根長(zhǎng)、百株地上干重與水稻產(chǎn)量之間表現(xiàn)為極顯著的正相關(guān)性關(guān)系,葉齡、百株地下干重與產(chǎn)量之間表現(xiàn)為顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系;施氮量24.8~32.8g/m2、澆水溫度13.0~17.0℃、pH值4.5~6.6范圍內(nèi)時(shí)水稻幼苗的株高較高(15.3cm);施氮量22.6~34.6g/m2、澆水溫度12.2~15.9℃、pH值4.7~6.5范圍內(nèi)水稻幼苗的根長(zhǎng)較長(zhǎng)(7.66cm);幼苗SPAD值和植株全氮含量隨著苗期施氮量、澆水溫度、pH值的升高,表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降的變化趨勢(shì);幼苗SPAD值與水稻產(chǎn)量之間存在極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系;植株全氮含量與水稻產(chǎn)量之間存在顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。秧苗本田的有效穗數(shù)在施氮量為26g/m2,澆水溫度為15℃,pH值為6時(shí)達(dá)到最多(539.0穗/m2);穗粒數(shù)在苗期施氮量為26g/m2,澆水溫度為15℃,pH值為6時(shí)達(dá)到最多(93.7個(gè)/穗);水稻的結(jié)實(shí)率和千粒重這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)各處理之間差異不顯著;水稻產(chǎn)量隨著苗期施氮量、澆水溫度、pH值的增加,表現(xiàn)為先上升后下降的變化規(guī)律,在施氮量24.7~34.4g/m2、澆水溫度13.5~17.4℃、pH值4.3~6.3條件范圍內(nèi)水稻產(chǎn)量較高(9423.0kg/hm2)。糙米率與幼苗根長(zhǎng)、百株地下干重之間存在極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與百株地上干重之間存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系;精米的外觀品質(zhì)與水稻秧苗植株全氮含量存在極顯著正相關(guān)性關(guān)系;米飯食味品質(zhì)中的味道、口感兩個(gè)指標(biāo)與植株全氮含量之間存在顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。綜上,在苗期施氮量為22.6~35.5g/m2、澆水溫度為8.3~17.0℃、pH值為4.5~8.6條件范圍內(nèi)時(shí),秧苗素質(zhì)的主要指標(biāo)及其稻谷產(chǎn)量處于較高水平,同時(shí)稻米品質(zhì)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)不會(huì)明顯下降。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the effects of nitrogen application amount, watering temperature and pH value at seedling stage and their interaction effects on rice seedling quality, yield and quality, Kengjing No. 5 rice was selected as the experimental material in this experiment. The effects of nitrogen application amount and water temperature and pH value on the quality, yield and quality of rice seedlings at different seedling stages were studied by using 3 factors and 5 levels of quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design, in order to cultivate strong seedlings for Kengjing No. 5 rice. The main results are as follows: plant height, leaf age, root length, stem base width, plumpness, dry weight of 100 plants above ground, dry weight index of 100 plants under ground with the increase of nitrogen application amount and watering temperature and pH value of rice seedlings at seedling stage. There was a significant positive correlation between plant height, root length, shoot dry weight of 100 plants and rice yield, leaf age, underground dry weight of 100 plants and yield. The plant height of rice seedlings was 15.3 cm 路m ~ (2), and the root length of rice seedlings was 7.66 cm 路m ~ (2), and the SPAD value and total nitrogen content of rice seedlings were 7.66 cm 路m ~ (-1) in the range of 12.2n ~ 15.9 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1665140