本文選題：城市綠地　切入點：格局分布　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市綠地分布格局決定了綠地在城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中效益的發(fā)揮,也是衡量城市環(huán)境優(yōu)劣、人民生活質(zhì)量高低和城市發(fā)展水平的重要指標(biāo)。本文通過搜集城市綠地的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)、構(gòu)建評價綠地分布格局合理性模型、參數(shù)估計以及實例應(yīng)用,研究了我國主要城市綠地分布格局。首先,應(yīng)用主成分分析對我國32個主要城市的385塊綠地進(jìn)行參數(shù)分析(具體參數(shù)包括綠地斑塊數(shù)、斑塊間的距離、面積、城占比和形狀指數(shù)),結(jié)果表明:(1)多數(shù)城市的綠地斑塊數(shù)目介于7-13塊之間,綠地面積多數(shù)小于2km2,斑塊距離多介于0.4-0.8(相對距離,無單位)之間,形狀指數(shù)多介于1-1.5之間;(2)32個城市中北京、廣州、南京、沈陽、杭州這5個城市的綠化情況最好,而石家莊、福建、蘭州、�？�、拉薩等地的綠地分布格局較差,需做進(jìn)一步改善和管理;(3)主成分分析得到的綠地面積、塊數(shù)、分布位置和形狀這4個指標(biāo),對城市綠地分布格局的影響較大,可作為衡量城市綠地分布格局合理性的參考指標(biāo)。其次,從綠地斑塊自身屬性(包括綠地斑塊面積、距斑塊間距離、形狀)和綠地整體角度(包括綠地斑塊間距離、綠地服務(wù)區(qū)域城占比、綠地斑塊位置分布)構(gòu)建了綠地分布格局的評價模型。(1)基于斑塊面積的影響,確定了S_A=f(A)= kA~m(公式中具體參數(shù)見正文,下同);(2)基于斑塊間距離的影響,確定了S_R =g(r)= e~(-βr);(3)基于斑塊形狀,確定了不同綠地形狀的形狀指數(shù);(4)基于斑塊間距,確定了s_d~2=f(d,n)(具體展開表達(dá)式詳見正文);(5)基于斑塊服務(wù)范圍,確定了 W = f(S_Y,S_C)(具體展開表達(dá)式詳見正文);(6)基于斑塊分布位置,確定了l = f(x,y,Q,Z)(具體展開表達(dá)式詳見正文)。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,構(gòu)建評價綠地分布格局合理性的生態(tài)模型。然后根據(jù)上述調(diào)查的385塊綠地數(shù)據(jù),對參數(shù)進(jìn)行估計。最后,以保定市綠地分布為具體對象,應(yīng)用上述模型進(jìn)行計算,結(jié)果表明:(1)保定市綠地分布格局指數(shù)為0.096,綠地分布格局不合理;(2)保定市有7塊綠地,低于我國多數(shù)城市的綠地斑塊數(shù)目(7-13塊之間);綠地斑塊面積平均為0.45km2,普遍偏小;綠地形狀指數(shù)為1.41,較為合理;綠地斑塊平均間距0.35(偏離度表示,無單位),較為合理;斑塊位置為0.57km(多邊形中心距表示),不合理;綠地影響服務(wù)區(qū)域范圍過小,僅為0.3133。(3)針對當(dāng)前保定市綠地分布狀況,建議如下:增加斑塊數(shù)目,尤其是大面積綠地斑塊;在面積不變的前提下,盡可能延長綠地周邊。
[Abstract]:The distribution pattern of urban green space determines the benefit of green space in urban ecosystem, and it is also an important index to measure the quality of urban environment, the quality of people's life and the level of urban development. The rational model of evaluating the distribution pattern of green space, the estimation of parameters and the application of examples are constructed to study the distribution pattern of green space in major cities of China. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze 385 greenbelts in 32 major cities of China (including the number of patches, the distance between patches, and the area). The results show that the number of green patches in most cities is between 7-13 patches, most of them are smaller than 2km2, and the patch distance is between 0.4-0.8 (relative distance, no unit). Of the 32 cities, Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang and Hangzhou have the best greening situation, while Shijiazhuang, Fujian, Lanzhou, Haikou and Lhasa have poor distribution patterns of green space. The four indexes of green space area, block number, distribution position and shape, which need to be further improved and managed, have a great influence on the distribution pattern of urban green space. It can be used as a reference index to measure the rationality of urban green space distribution pattern. Secondly, the characteristics of green patches (including the area of green patches, the distance and shape between patches) and the whole angle of green space (including the distance between patches) and the whole angle of green space (including the distance between green patches) are analyzed. The evaluation model of green space distribution pattern was constructed. Based on the effect of patch area, the influence of patch area on the distribution pattern of green space was established. The effect of the distance between patches was determined. Based on the patch shape, the shape index of different green space shapes is determined. Based on the patch spacing, the sdna 2f / D ~ (n) is determined. (for a detailed expression of the expansion, see page / 5), it is based on the area of patch service. We have determined W = fen SYSCU (see text / 6 for the specific expansion expression). Based on the location of the patch distribution, I have determined that l = fangxyangyong Qnzu (for the specific expansion expression, see the text for details.) on this basis, The ecological model is constructed to evaluate the rationality of green distribution pattern. Then the parameters are estimated according to 385 green space data. Finally, the above model is used to calculate the distribution of green space in Baoding city. The results show that the distribution pattern index of green space in Baoding is 0.096, and the distribution pattern of green space is unreasonable. There are 7 greenbelts in Baoding, which are lower than the number of patches in most cities in China, and the average area of green patches is 0.45 km ~ 2, which is generally small. The green space shape index is 1.41, which is reasonable, the average spacing of green patches is 0.35 (deviation degree, no unit, is reasonable; patch position is 0.57km (polygonal center distance is unreasonable); green space influence service area is too small, In view of the current distribution of green space in Baoding, the following suggestions are proposed: increase the number of patches, especially large areas of green patches, and extend the green space periphery as far as possible on the premise of no change in area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S731.2

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