本文選題：象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)　切入點(diǎn)：福建　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)(Meloidogyne enterolobii)近年來(lái)已成為熱帶及亞熱帶地區(qū)蔬菜上最重要的根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)種類之一。福建省蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)是福建省最重要的種植產(chǎn)業(yè),但目前對(duì)蔬菜象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病缺乏系統(tǒng)調(diào)研。本論文對(duì)福建省蔬菜象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病的發(fā)生與病原鑒定進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,為福建省象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)防控提供重要的理論依據(jù)。2014-2016年期間,調(diào)查了福建省9個(gè)市的主要蔬菜基地,通過(guò)形態(tài)學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)方法進(jìn)行鑒定,采用根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)種的特異性引物進(jìn)行檢測(cè),明確福建省蔬菜根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)種類為南方根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)(M.incognita)、象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)(M.enterolobii)、花生根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)(M.arenaria)、爪哇根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)(M.javanica),南方根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)在福建省蔬菜產(chǎn)區(qū)為優(yōu)勢(shì)種群;象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)在閩南地區(qū)的胡蘿卜(Daucus carota)、辣椒(Capsicum annuum)、雍菜(Ipomoea aquatica)上發(fā)生為害,并造成嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)首次在福建省辣椒、雍菜上發(fā)現(xiàn),雍菜是象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)的新寄主,在田間表現(xiàn)為單一優(yōu)勢(shì)種群,或與南方根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)混合種群發(fā)生。對(duì)福建閩南地區(qū)與福州地區(qū)共計(jì)14個(gè)基地的番石榴(Psidium guajava)根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病進(jìn)行了病原種類鑒定,結(jié)果表明均為象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)。從田間調(diào)查與接種實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,受象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)感染的番石榴病株或種苗是閩南地區(qū)部分蔬菜象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病的重要初侵染源。對(duì)采自福建省胡蘿卜、辣椒、雍菜、番石榴的象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)12個(gè)種群的mtDNA的COⅡ和lrRNA基因間序列進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增與測(cè)序,采用貝葉斯(Bayesian)分析構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)表明,象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)種均與國(guó)內(nèi)外其他種群的象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)種群在同一進(jìn)分化分枝,與其他根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)種可明顯分開(kāi)。通過(guò)接種實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,南方根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)、象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)、爪哇根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)均可對(duì)胡蘿卜造成嚴(yán)重侵染。所有嚴(yán)重受侵染的胡蘿卜都變短,根結(jié)嚴(yán)重,易分叉。象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)引起的癥狀與其他2種根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)癥狀存在著一定的差異,主要表現(xiàn)為象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)引起胡蘿卜直根散生多個(gè)膨大的、半圓形的瘤狀結(jié)構(gòu),從直根的膨大根結(jié)處又長(zhǎng)出許多須根,并在須根上形成串珠狀的根結(jié)或結(jié)癭。其他2種根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)在胡蘿卜直根上較少產(chǎn)生根結(jié),主要刺激胡蘿卜直根產(chǎn)生次生根,并在次生根上寄生為害。根據(jù)本研究結(jié)果以及結(jié)合多年來(lái)的調(diào)查資料,象耳豆根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)已在閩南地區(qū)的蔬菜基地呈現(xiàn)快速擴(kuò)大蔓延趨勢(shì),成為最重要的病原線蟲(chóng)之一。
[Abstract]:Meloidogyne enterolobii) has become one of the most important root-knot nematode species in tropical and subtropical vegetables in recent years. However, there is a lack of systematic investigation on root knot nematode disease of vegetable elephant bean. In this paper, the occurrence and pathogen identification of root-knot nematode disease in Fujian Province were systematically studied. During 2014-2016, the main vegetable bases in nine cities of Fujian Province were investigated and identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. The specific primers of root-knot nematode species were used for detection. The species of vegetable root knot nematodes in Fujian Province were identified as M. incognita, M. enterolobiii, M. arenaria, M. javanica. and M. javanica, respectively. The root-knot nematodes of Daucus carotaa, Capsicum annuumum, Ipomoea aquatica. in southern Fujian were damaged and caused serious economic losses. The nematodes were found in Fujian Province for the first time. Yongcai is a new host of root-knot nematode, which is a single dominant population in the field. The species of Psidium guajava (Psidium guajava) root-knot nematode from 14 bases in southern Fujian and Fuzhou were identified. The results showed that they were root-knot nematodes, and the results of field investigation and inoculation showed that, Guava plants or seedlings infected by root-knot nematodes of Elephantus lanceolata are the important initial infection sources of root-knot nematode disease in some vegetables of southern Fujian. The results were collected from carrot, pepper and uvularia in Fujian Province. The CO 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1599942