本文選題：豬尸體　切入點(diǎn)：復(fù)合菌劑　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：好氧發(fā)酵堆肥簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保并能為農(nóng)作物提供高效肥料,已經(jīng)成為動(dòng)物尸體無害化處理的重要方式,但同時(shí)存在發(fā)酵周期長、堆肥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不高等缺陷。為了提高堆肥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、縮短堆肥時(shí)間,本試驗(yàn)從豬尸體自然堆肥樣品中分離出高效微生物,配制成復(fù)合菌劑,應(yīng)用于豬尸體堆肥中,研究微生物菌劑的強(qiáng)化對(duì)豬尸體堆肥體系的影響。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)采集豬尸體自然堆肥樣品,分離篩選高效微生物。共獲得了35種微生物,其中24株細(xì)菌、9株真菌,2株放線菌。(2)通過滴定法和平板法測(cè)定35種菌株的脂肪酶活性和蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性,篩選出4株酶活較高的微生物;生理生化及16S rDNA鑒定這4株菌分別為:地衣芽孢桿菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、甲基營養(yǎng)型芽孢桿菌、解淀粉芽孢桿菌。(3)運(yùn)用L9(34)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法研究菌株不同添加量對(duì)混合發(fā)酵液中微生物增殖的影響。結(jié)果顯示地衣芽孢桿菌、解淀粉芽孢桿菌、枯草芽孢桿菌、甲基營養(yǎng)型芽孢桿菌中,地衣芽孢桿菌的添加量是最主要因素。最優(yōu)處理為處理A3B2C1D3(地衣芽孢桿菌0.75%,甲基營養(yǎng)型芽孢桿菌0.5%,解淀粉芽孢桿菌0.25%,枯草芽孢桿菌0.75%)時(shí),活菌數(shù)可達(dá)到6.89×109cfu/m L,為試驗(yàn)所需組合,用于后續(xù)堆肥試驗(yàn)。(4)對(duì)豬尸體好氧堆肥體系施加復(fù)合微生物菌劑,菌劑強(qiáng)化組最高溫度為58℃,50℃以上持續(xù)15d,而對(duì)照組最高溫度為52℃,50℃以上持續(xù)10d;菌劑強(qiáng)化組和對(duì)照組堆體含水率的變化趨勢(shì)相同,均從55%左右降至33%左右;菌劑強(qiáng)化組和對(duì)照組的總氮含量各為1.9%和2.7%;堆肥結(jié)束菌劑強(qiáng)化組發(fā)芽指數(shù)達(dá)到97.3%,而對(duì)照組發(fā)芽指數(shù)僅為40.5%。(5)利用16S rRNA高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)分析了豬尸體堆肥體系微生物群落的結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)態(tài)變化。菌劑強(qiáng)化組第1個(gè)月細(xì)菌的豐富度chao1指數(shù)和多樣性Shannon指數(shù)為1059和7.06,對(duì)照組為682和5.96,表明添加微生物菌劑可以增加堆肥起始微生物的豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)。兩組豬尸體堆肥過程中細(xì)菌的多樣性相似,主要的優(yōu)勢(shì)菌群是Proteobacteria、Firmicutes和Actinobacteria,但是不同的時(shí)間其組成不同。(6)將堆肥環(huán)境參數(shù)和細(xì)菌群落數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析(CCA),結(jié)果表明環(huán)境因子中,溫度(p=0.002)、pH(p=0.004)、濕度(p=0.020)、全氮(p=0.064)對(duì)微生物群落豐度及其時(shí)空分布有顯著影響。其中,溫度與高溫階段S1(試驗(yàn)組)及類芽胞桿菌屬最相關(guān),GI(發(fā)芽指數(shù))和腐熟階段S6及假單胞菌屬密切相關(guān),全氮與腐熟階段樣D6(對(duì)照組)及石油降解菌屬密切相關(guān)。因此,可以在豬尸體堆肥中添加類芽胞桿菌屬、假單胞菌屬、石油降解菌屬菌,提高堆體的溫度,加快有機(jī)質(zhì)降解,增加氮含量,提高腐熟度。
[Abstract]:Aerobic fermentation compost is simple and practical, economical and environmental protection, and can provide high efficiency fertilizer for crops. It has become an important way of harmless treatment of animal carcasses, but it also has a long fermentation period. In order to improve the quality of composting products and shorten the composting time, high efficient microbes were isolated from the natural compost samples of pig carcasses, and the compound microbes were prepared and used in pig carcass composting. The main results are as follows: (1) the natural compost samples of pig carcasses were collected, and the high efficient microbes were isolated and screened. A total of 35 kinds of microbes were obtained. The lipase activity, protease activity and amylase activity of 35 strains were determined by titration and plate method, and 4 microbes with higher enzyme activity were screened out. Physiological, biochemical and 16s rDNA identified the four strains as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus subtilis. The effects of different dosage of Bacillus amylolyticus on the microorganism proliferation in mixed fermentation broth were studied by L9 / 34) orthogonal experiment. The results showed that Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amylolyticus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis. The addition amount of Bacillus licheniformis is the most important factor in the methyl-nutritive Bacillus, and the best treatment is to deal with A3B2C1D3 (Bacillus licheniformis 0.7575, Bacillus methylnutrition 0.5, Bacillus amylolyticus 0.25g, Bacillus subtilis 0.75g). The number of live bacteria can reach 6.89 脳 10 9 cfur / m L, which is used in the subsequent composting test. 4) to apply the compound microbial agent to the aerobic composting system of pig carcass. The maximum temperature of the bacteria fortified group was over 58 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1599520