本文選題：膜下滴灌　切入點(diǎn)：間作　出處：《西安理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：新疆地區(qū)水資源極度匱乏,常年膜下滴灌導(dǎo)致可耕地面臨次生鹽堿化的危害,造成單位面積耕地產(chǎn)量下降,作物減產(chǎn),水分利用效率降低。因此,本文在新疆早區(qū)膜下滴灌棉田間作鹽生植物和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物綠豆條件下,通過盆栽試驗(yàn)和大田試驗(yàn)探討間作條件下土壤水鹽肥遷移特性、作物耗水規(guī)律,以及zuowu生長響應(yīng)機(jī)制。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過盆栽試驗(yàn)?zāi)M棉田間作條件下作物根系交叉的試驗(yàn)條件,探討棉田間作苜蓿條件下與棉花根系交叉對土壤水鹽遷移及棉花生長的影響,結(jié)果表明:與棉花單作相比,間作苜蓿條件下的各處理土壤剖面含鹽量顯著降低,脫鹽效果較好,水分利用效率提高,棉花產(chǎn)量增加。在間作條件下,與間作苜蓿根區(qū)無隔擋處理相比,塑料布和紗布隔擋條件下棉花生長較好,產(chǎn)量增加,生育期內(nèi)作物耗水量減小,水分利用效率提高。(2)棉田間作不同鹽生植物對土壤水鹽遷移機(jī)制及棉花生長的影響研究表明:與棉花單作相比,間作苜蓿和堿蓬可顯著增加膜間間0-40cm 土層水分含量及生育期內(nèi)耗水量,減少膜間和膜內(nèi)土壤水分深層滲漏;間作堿蓬可顯著降低膜間0-60cm 土層含鹽量,間作苜�？娠@著減小0-20cm和40-60cm 土層的含鹽量,20-40cm上層處于積鹽狀態(tài),間作堿蓬的脫鹽效果好于于間作苜蓿。棉花單作處理的根密度可生長至40cm 土層深度處,而間作堿蓬處理的根重密度只能達(dá)到30cm深度處,且與棉花單作相比,間作堿蓬處理的膜間和膜內(nèi)0-20cm 土層的根重密度顯著較大,但在20-40cm 土層中相反;同時(shí),通過三年的間作試驗(yàn),間作堿蓬和苜蓿可促進(jìn)棉花生長,增加棉花產(chǎn)量,提高水分利用效率。(3)棉田間作經(jīng)濟(jì)作物綠豆條件下不同施氮量對土壤水鹽肥遷移及棉花生長的影響研究表明:間作綠豆條件下,施氮量對土壤水分分布及作物耗水量的影響不大,但隨著施氮量的增加,土壤鹽分和全氮含量主要在20040cm 土層累積,有機(jī)碳主要在0-30cm 土層累積,且施氮量過大會(huì)造成氮素流失.當(dāng)施氮量為390kg/hm2時(shí),可較好的供給間作條件下棉花和綠豆的生長需求,促進(jìn)作物生長,增加作物產(chǎn)量,提升水分利用效率和氮速率用效率。Logistic生長模型可較好的模擬間作條件下不同施氮量對棉花和綠豆生長過程,施氮量為390kg/hm2時(shí)棉花生物量的累積速率及綠豆的生長速率最大,有助于棉花和綠豆的生長發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:The water resources are extremely scarce in Xinjiang, and the drip irrigation under mulch causes the arable land to face the harm of secondary salinization, which results in the decrease of cultivated land yield per unit area, the decrease of crop yield and the decrease of water use efficiency. In this paper, the characteristics of soil water, salt and fertilizer migration and crop water consumption were studied by pot experiment and field experiment under the condition of intercropping halophyte and mung bean in cotton field under drip irrigation in early area of Xinjiang. The main results are as follows: 1) the experiment conditions of crop root crossing under cotton intercropping were simulated by pot experiment. The effects of intercropping of alfalfa and cotton roots on soil water and salt migration and cotton growth under cotton intercropping were studied. The results showed that the salt content in soil profiles of intercropping alfalfa was significantly lower than that in cotton monoculture, and the desalination effect was better. Compared with the intercropping alfalfa root area, the cotton grew better under the condition of plastic cloth and gauze, the yield increased, and the water consumption of crops decreased during the growing period under the condition of higher water use efficiency and higher cotton yield. The effects of different halophytes on soil water and salt migration mechanism and cotton growth in cotton field were studied. Intercropping alfalfa and Suaeda salsa could significantly increase the water content in 0-40cm soil layer and water consumption during the growing period, and decrease the deep leakage of soil water in the intermembrane and intramembrane soil layers, while the salsa intercropping could significantly reduce the salt content in 0-60cm soil layer. Intercropping alfalfa can significantly reduce the salt content of 0-20cm and 40-60cm soil layer and the upper layer is in a salt accumulation state. The desalination effect of intercropping Suaeda salsa is better than that of intercropping alfalfa. The root density of cotton monoculture can grow to the depth of 40cm soil layer, and the desalination effect of intercropping Suaeda salsa is better than that of intercropping alfalfa. The root weight density of intercropping Suaeda salsa was only 30 cm deep. Compared with cotton monoculture, the root weight density of intercropping Suaeda salsa treated by intercropping Suaeda salsa was significantly higher than that of cotton monoculture, but the root weight density of intercropping Suaeda salsa was higher than that of cotton monoculture, but the root weight density was opposite in 20-40cm soil layer. Intercropping Suaeda salsa and alfalfa can promote cotton growth and increase cotton yield. The effects of different nitrogen application rates on soil water, salt and fertilizer transfer and cotton growth under the condition of intercropping mung bean in cotton field showed that: under the condition of intercropping mung bean, the effect of nitrogen application on soil water, salt and fertilizer transfer and cotton growth was studied. Nitrogen application had little effect on soil water distribution and crop water consumption, but with the increase of nitrogen application amount, soil salt and total nitrogen content mainly accumulated in 20040cm soil layer, and organic carbon mainly accumulated in 0-30cm soil layer. When the amount of nitrogen applied was 390 kg / hm ~ 2, the growth demand of cotton and mung bean could be improved under the condition of intercropping, which could promote crop growth and increase crop yield. Logistic growth model could simulate the growth process of cotton and mung bean with different nitrogen application rates under intercropping conditions. The biomass accumulation rate of cotton and the growth rate of mung bean were the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 390 kg / hm ~ 2. Helps cotton and mung bean grow and develop.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S562

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