本文選題：溫室氣體　切入點：秸稈還田　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是重要的溫室氣體排放源。秸稈還田是重要的農(nóng)業(yè)措施,能夠有效避免秸稈焚燒造成的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的浪費和對環(huán)境的污染,同時秸稈還田會向土壤提供豐富的養(yǎng)分元素,刺激土壤微生物的活性,進而影響土壤有機質(zhì)的礦化。土壤團聚體對有機質(zhì)有保護作用。不同粒級團聚體的性質(zhì)不同,對有機質(zhì)的保護也不盡相同。因此不同粒級團聚體在添加秸稈后有機質(zhì)的礦化作用可能不同,這會進一步影響土壤C、N循環(huán),從而影響土壤溫室氣體的產(chǎn)生與排放。秸稈還田及不同粒級團聚體對溫室氣體排放特征的影響及機制目前尚不清楚。為了探究砂壤土不同粒級團聚體添加秸稈對溫室氣體排放的影響,本研究選取荊州潮土為研究對象,設計不同粒級團聚體添加秸稈的室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)秸稈添加顯著增加了CO_2和N_2O的排放通量和累積排放量(0.25-1 mm粒級團聚體的N_2O氣體排放除外),對CH_4排放無顯著影響。(2)未添加秸稈各處理的CO_2排放通量無顯著差異。添加秸稈后四個粒級團聚體CO_2平均排放通量和累積排放量由大到小依次為0.25 mm、1-2 mm、0.25-1 mm和全土。四個粒級中,0.25 mm粒級團聚體添加秸稈后CO_2累積排放量增加最多,約為未添加秸稈處理的11倍;0.25-1 mm粒級團聚體添加秸稈后CO_2累積排放量增加最少,約為未添加秸稈處理的7倍。未添加秸稈處理中,N_2O平均排放通量由大到小依次為0.25-1 mm、1-2 mm、全土、0.25 mm粒級,N_2O累積排放量由大到小依次為1-2 mm、0.25-1 mm、全土、0.25 mm粒級。添加秸稈后,四個粒級N_2O平均排放通量和累積排放量由大到小依次為1-2 mm、全土、0.25 mm、0.25-1 mm粒級。其中,0.25-1 mm粒級團聚體在添加秸稈后N_2O排放通量和累積排放量都有明顯減小,其他三個粒級的N_2O排放在添加秸稈后都有增加。不同粒級團聚體對CH_4排放無顯著影響。(3)氧化酶活性、水解酶活性、可溶性有機碳(DOC)、礦質(zhì)氮等性質(zhì)在不同粒級團聚體之間存在差異,添加秸稈后的變化各不相同,對溫室氣體排放的影響也不同。在所有的土壤性質(zhì)中,纖維二糖水解酶(CB)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、β-N-乙酰葡萄氨糖苷酶(NAG)、酚氧化物酶(pox)、DOC和NO_3~--N是對CH_4、CO_2和N_2O這3種溫室氣體排放影響最大的土壤性質(zhì)集合,能夠解釋80.3%的溫室氣體排放,DOC和NO_3~--N可以解釋32.3%的溫室氣體排放,CB、LAP、NAG和pox能夠解釋53.8%的溫室氣體排放。其中,LAP和DOC對CH_4、CO_2和N_2O這3種溫室氣體的排放都有正的貢獻。
[Abstract]:Agroecosystem is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, and straw return is an important agricultural measure, which can effectively avoid the waste of nutrients and environmental pollution caused by straw burning. At the same time, returning straw to the field will provide rich nutrients to the soil, stimulate the activity of soil microorganisms, and then affect the mineralization of soil organic matter. Soil aggregates have protective effect on organic matter. The properties of different aggregates are different. Therefore, the mineralization of organic matter may be different with the addition of straw, which will further affect the cycling of Con N in soil. It is not clear that the effect and mechanism of straw returning to the field and different aggregates on greenhouse gas emission. In order to explore the effects of straw on greenhouse gas emission in sandy loam soil, the effect of straw on greenhouse gas emission is not clear. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions, In this study, Jingzhou tidal soil was chosen as the research object. The main results were as follows: (1) Straw addition significantly increased the emission fluxes of CO_2 and N2O and the cumulative emission of N2O from 0.25-1 mm aggregate. There was no significant difference in CO_2 emission fluxes between different treatments without straw addition. The average emission fluxes and cumulative emissions of CO_2 of the four aggregates were 0.25 mm / 1-2 mm ~ (-1) mm and 0.25 ~ (-1) mm, respectively. The accumulative CO_2 emission of 0.25mm grain aggregate increased the most when straw was added into the four grains. The accumulative CO_2 emission increased the least after adding straw to 0.25-1 mm agglomerate, which was about 11 times as much as that of untreated straw. The average emission flux of N2O in the unadded straw treatment was 0.25 ~ (-1) mm ~ (-1) mm ~ (-1) mm ~ (-2) mm, and the cumulative emission of N _ 2O was 1 ~ 2 mm ~ (0.25 mm) and 0.25 mm ~ (-1) mm, respectively. The average emission fluxes and accumulative emissions of N2O were 1-2 mm and 0.25 mm ~ 0.25 mm respectively, and the N _ 2O emission fluxes and accumulative emissions of 0.25 ~ (-1) mm aggregate decreased obviously after adding straw. The emission of N2O from the other three grains increased after adding straw. Different aggregates had no significant effect on the emission of CH_4. The properties of soluble organic carbon (DOC), mineral nitrogen and so on are different among different aggregates, the changes of straw are different, and the effects on greenhouse gas emissions are also different. In all soil properties, Cellular-disaccharide hydrolase, leucine aminopeptidase, 尾 -N-acetyl-glucosaminosidase, phenol oxide enzyme poxosidase DOC and NO_3~--N are the sets of soil properties that have the greatest effect on the emission of CH4CO2 and N2O3 greenhouse gases. NO_3~--N and DOC can explain the greenhouse gas emission of 32.3% and pox can explain 53.8% greenhouse gas emission, among them, both LAP and DOC have positive contribution to the emission of Ch _ 4O _ 2 and N _ 2O.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X71;S141.4

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