本文選題：水凝膠　切入點(diǎn)：緩釋性能　出處：《河南工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：化肥和水在糧食增產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。為了提高肥料和水資源的利用率,人們開(kāi)發(fā)了一系列的保水緩控釋肥料。然而,肥料的環(huán)境友好性及成本仍是制約其廣泛應(yīng)用的重要因素。由于纖維素、淀粉等天然多糖具有來(lái)源廣泛、可生物降解等特點(diǎn),在保水緩釋肥料中的應(yīng)用研究格外引人注明。本論文以顆粒尿素、磷酸二氫鈉、氯化鉀為化肥原料,吸水保水而又不溶解于水的高分子聚合物水凝膠為載體,制備出了多功能保水緩控釋肥料,以提高氮肥利用率、減少環(huán)境及食品污染、節(jié)約水資源、節(jié)省經(jīng)濟(jì)成本。本論文主要包括以下四方面的工作。(1)分別用雙烯體馬來(lái)酸糠酰胺(SFA)與親雙烯體N-丙氨酸基馬來(lái)酰亞胺(AMI)對(duì)羥乙基淀粉進(jìn)行修飾,將得到的產(chǎn)物溶解于水中,加入單體N-異丙烯丙烯酰胺、交聯(lián)劑N,N-亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺及光引發(fā)劑,依次通過(guò)Diels-Alder點(diǎn)擊反應(yīng)(DA反應(yīng))及光聚合反應(yīng)原位形成互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)水凝膠,對(duì)水凝膠的結(jié)構(gòu)與性能進(jìn)行了一系列表征,將其用作肥料控釋載體,研究水凝膠的組成、結(jié)構(gòu)、性能與肥料釋放動(dòng)力學(xué)之間的規(guī)律,為其進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。(2)采用氫氧化鈉-尿素體系低溫溶解纖維素棉短絨木漿,加入不同比例丙烯酰胺、氯化鉀、交聯(lián)劑及氧化還原引發(fā)劑,通過(guò)自由基聚合形成纖維素接枝聚丙烯酰胺的水凝膠,將其作為親水性肥料內(nèi)核。以30%松香溶液為粘合劑,將乙基纖維素粉末包裹在內(nèi)核表面,作為疏水外包膜,制備出內(nèi)層親水、外層疏水的緩釋肥料,對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行表征,并測(cè)定其緩釋性能。(3)采用丙烯酸為單體、N,N-亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺為交聯(lián)劑,過(guò)硫酸銨及抗壞血酸為氧化還原引發(fā)體系,尿素、磷酸二氫鈉、氯化鉀為植物所需綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,將其溶解于水中,然后在得到的水溶液中加入纖維素棉短絨粉末,分散均勻后升溫到50℃經(jīng)過(guò)自由基聚合形成纖維素接枝丙烯酸的復(fù)合水凝膠,將其作為親水肥料內(nèi)核。同樣以30%松香溶液為粘合劑,將乙基纖維素粉末包裹在內(nèi)核表面形成疏水外包膜,制備出內(nèi)層親水,外層疏水的緩釋肥料,對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行表征,并測(cè)定其緩釋性能。(4)將一定比例的丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸為單體,N,N-亞甲基雙丙烯酰胺為交聯(lián)劑、過(guò)硫酸銨及抗壞血酸為氧化還原引發(fā)體系,尿素、磷酸二氫鈉、氯化鉀為肥料,將其溶解于水中,混合均勻后升高溫度,經(jīng)自由基聚合得到纖維素接枝聚丙烯酰胺丙烯酸的水凝膠,干燥后以其作為親水肥料內(nèi)核。同樣以30%松香溶液為粘合劑,將乙基纖維素粉末包覆在親水肥料表面,作為疏水外包膜,制備出內(nèi)層親水、外層疏水的緩釋肥料,對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行表征,并測(cè)定其緩釋性能。
[Abstract]:Fertilizer and water plays an important role in food production. In order to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and water resources, people have developed a series of water retention controlled-release fertilizers. However, environmental friendliness and cost of fertilizer is still an important factor restricting its application. Because of the cellulose, starch and other natural polysaccharides have a wide range of sources, biodegradable and other characteristics, application of fertilizers in the particularly eye-catching. In this paper, granular urea, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride as fertilizer raw materials, polymer hydrogel water absorbent and dissolved in water as the carrier, prepared multifunctional SRWAFs controlled-release fertilizer in order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reducing environmental pollution and food, conservation of water resources, save the economic cost. The paper mainly includes the following four aspects. (1) respectively with dienophile maleic acid amide bran (SFA) and dienophile N- alanine Acidyl maleimide (AMI) modified hydroxyethyl starch, the product will be dissolved in water, adding N- isopropyl acrylamide monomer, crosslinker N, N- methylene bis acrylamide and photoinitiator, followed by Diels-Alder click reaction (DA reaction) and photopolymerization of in situ formation of IPN hydrogels, structure and the properties of hydrogels were characterized, which is used as fertilizer and controlled release carrier, composition, structure and properties of hydrogels, fertilizer release kinetics between rules and lay a theoretical foundation for its further application. (2) using sodium hydroxide urea system of low-temperature dissolution of cellulose with cotton linter pulp, adding different proportion of acrylamide, potassium chloride, a crosslinking agent and a redox initiator by free radical polymerization to form cellulose grafted polyacrylamide hydrogel as the hydrophilic fertilizer with 30% rosin solution kernel. As a binder, ethyl cellulose powder wrapped in the surface of the inner core, as a hydrophobic outer envelope, prepared by the inner hydrophilic, hydrophobic outer slow-release fertilizer, characterized, and determine its release properties. (3) using acrylic acid as monomer, N, N- methylene bis acrylamide as crosslinking agent, persulfate ammonium and ascorbic acid as redox initiator, urea, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride as the plant needs comprehensive nutrition, will be dissolved in water, then add the powder in cotton linter cellulose obtained in water solution, uniformly dispersed after heating to 50 DEG C to form composite hydrogel polymerization of acrylic acid grafted cellulose by free radicals, as fertilizer. Same with 30% hydrophilic kernel rosin solution as adhesive, ethyl cellulose powder wrapped in kernel is formed on the surface of hydrophobic outer membrane, prepared inner hydrophilic, hydrophobic outer slow-release fertilizer, on the Can characterize, and determine its release properties. (4) a certain proportion of acrylamide, acrylic acid as monomer, N, N- methylene bis acrylamide as crosslinking agent, ammonium persulfate and ascorbic acid as redox initiator, urea, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride fertilizer, it will dissolve in water temperature mixing after obtained by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid grafted cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel, after drying as the hydrophilic fertilizer kernel. Same with 30% rosin solution as adhesive, ethyl cellulose powder coated fertilizer in the pro surface of the material as a hydrophobic outer envelope, prepared by the inner hydrophilic, hydrophobic outer slow-release fertilizer, to characterize its performance, and determine its release performance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ449.1

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