發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-09 18:11

  本文選題：魚(yú)粉加工廢水　切入點(diǎn)：魚(yú)溶漿　出處：《浙江海洋大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本課題對(duì)以魚(yú)粉加工廢水為原料生產(chǎn)魚(yú)溶漿的工藝進(jìn)行探究。通過(guò)研究南美白對(duì)蝦大棚養(yǎng)殖模式及池塘水體理化因子與浮游藻類的動(dòng)態(tài)變化、魚(yú)溶漿及配制飼料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分,綜合評(píng)價(jià)了魚(yú)溶漿在南美白對(duì)蝦大棚養(yǎng)殖中的功效。主要研究結(jié)果如下:通過(guò)對(duì)工藝流程的改進(jìn),酶解條件的優(yōu)化最終確定了生產(chǎn)魚(yú)溶漿的工藝流程及參數(shù)為:以魚(yú)粉加工廢水為原料,經(jīng)脫脂后得到魚(yú)蛋白水,在每1 kg魚(yú)蛋白水中添加2.5 g中性蛋白酶,50±2℃、酶解2.5 h,再經(jīng)過(guò)濾、濃縮后得到魚(yú)溶漿。以干物質(zhì)計(jì),魚(yú)溶漿中總氨基酸含量為66.69%,其中南美白對(duì)蝦必需氨基酸占總氨基酸的44.85%,且種類齊全,組成平衡,完全可以作為南美白對(duì)蝦飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)劑。魚(yú)溶漿在南美白對(duì)蝦大棚養(yǎng)殖中的功效研究在浙江省岱山縣岱山南鋒水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行,同時(shí)對(duì)南美白對(duì)蝦大棚養(yǎng)殖模式及池塘水體理化因子與浮游藻類的動(dòng)態(tài)變化進(jìn)行了研究。該養(yǎng)殖模式,3月22日投苗,7月20日左右起捕,整個(gè)養(yǎng)殖周期約為4個(gè)月,周期偏長(zhǎng);4口養(yǎng)殖池塘平均產(chǎn)量為1335±25.5 kg/667 m2,養(yǎng)殖成活率為77.88%±1.49%,餌料系數(shù)為1.51±0.04;養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)配備海水沉淀池、消毒池、中央排污設(shè)施,保證了養(yǎng)殖水體的清潔和日常換水的進(jìn)行,池塘配置底部爆氣管增氧設(shè)備和水面水車式增氧,保證了養(yǎng)殖水體中溶解氧在5.00 mg/L以上。整個(gè)養(yǎng)殖周期,水溫在16.85~31.75℃之間波動(dòng),整體呈上升趨勢(shì),但前期水溫太低,導(dǎo)致蝦苗生長(zhǎng)緩慢,這可能是導(dǎo)致養(yǎng)殖周期偏長(zhǎng)的主要原因,因此可以考慮將投苗時(shí)間推遲到4月下旬,這樣可以縮短養(yǎng)殖周期,減少成本;pH在養(yǎng)殖前期逐漸降低,中后期基本穩(wěn)定;氨氮含量在0.20~6.56 mg/L之間,亞硝酸鹽氮含量在0.002~29.5 mg/L之間,各池塘中后期亞硝酸鹽氮和氨氮含量顯著偏高,對(duì)南美白對(duì)蝦生長(zhǎng)和免疫功能有不利影響。養(yǎng)殖水體中出現(xiàn)的浮游藻類6門36種(屬),其中綠藻門13種(屬),甲藻門6種(屬),硅藻門6種(屬),金藻門6種(屬),裸藻門3種(屬),藍(lán)藻門2種(屬)。優(yōu)勢(shì)種共8種(屬),綠藻門的優(yōu)勢(shì)種為擬衣藻、卵囊藻、球衣藻,硅藻門的優(yōu)勢(shì)種為小環(huán)藻、菱形藻,金藻門的優(yōu)勢(shì)種為小土棲藻,藍(lán)藻門的優(yōu)勢(shì)種為色球藻、顫藻。理化因子和浮游藻類群落結(jié)構(gòu)階段性變化明顯。魚(yú)溶漿在南美白對(duì)蝦大棚養(yǎng)殖的功效研究中以天邦南美白對(duì)蝦2號(hào)配合飼料為基礎(chǔ)飼料,以平均體長(zhǎng)為2.25 cm左右的南美白對(duì)蝦為研究對(duì)象,以投喂添加5%魚(yú)溶漿飼料的池塘為試驗(yàn)組,以投喂未添加魚(yú)溶漿飼料的池塘為對(duì)照組。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),試驗(yàn)組南美白對(duì)蝦提前4到6天上市,餌料系數(shù)降低了5.3%,養(yǎng)殖水體的亞硝酸鹽含量明顯低于對(duì)照組(P0.05),蝦血清中堿性磷酸酶(AKP)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)、酚氧化酶(PO)的活力明顯高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。結(jié)果表明:添加了5%魚(yú)溶漿的對(duì)蝦飼料中南美白對(duì)蝦必需氨基酸含量尤其是賴氨酸(Lys)含量明顯提高,豐富的游離氨基酸(�；撬酺au)、小肽等小分子營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)都可以促進(jìn)南美白對(duì)蝦的生長(zhǎng),免疫力的提高,飼料利用率的提高;魚(yú)溶漿本身具有濃郁的腥香味,具有誘食作用,對(duì)于提高飼料利用率有一定的作用;魚(yú)溶漿可以促進(jìn)養(yǎng)殖水體中浮游植物的生長(zhǎng),使水體中溶解氧升高,從而降低養(yǎng)殖水體中亞硝酸鹽氮和氨氮的濃度,減少甚至消除氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮對(duì)南美白對(duì)蝦生長(zhǎng)和免疫功能的不良影響。
[Abstract]:The subject of the process to Fishmeal Wastewater for the production of raw fish slurry are explored. By studying the dynamic changes of P.vannamei greenhouse culture model and pond water physicochemical factors and phytoplankton, dissolved nutrients and fish feed slurry preparation, comprehensive evaluation of the fish soluble vannamei Cultured in the greenhouse effect in the south the main results are as follows: through the improvement of the process, the optimization of hydrolysis conditions to determine the process and parameters for producing fish soluble in the Fishmeal Wastewater as raw material, fish protein water after defatting, adding 2.5 g neutral protease in each of the 1 kg fish protein in water, 50 + 2 C 2.5 h, enzymolysis, filtering, concentrating to obtain fish soluble. In dry matter, total amino acid content in pulp soluble fish was 66.69%, of which P.vannamei essential amino acids and total amino acid 44.85%, and now, a complete balance Can be used as Penaeus vannamei feed nutrition agent. Fish soluble in Whiteleg Shrimp cultured in the greenhouse effect research in Zhejiang County of Daishan province Daishan Nanfeng aquaculture field test, at the same time on P.vannamei greenhouse farming mode and pond water physicochemical factors and phytoplankton dynamic change were studied. The breeding mode. In March 22nd for the seedlings, harvesting around July 20th, the whole culture period of about 4 months, the cycle is long; the average yield of 4 ponds was 1335 + 25.5 kg/667 m2, the survival rate was 77.88% + 1.49%, 1.51 + 0.04 feed coefficient; farms with water tank, disinfection tank, central sewage disposal facilities to ensure the water clean, and the daily change of water, pond bottom blasting aeration equipment and configuration of tracheal surface to ensure the waterwheel type oxygen increasing, the dissolved oxygen in water is more than 5 mg/L. The whole culture period, the water temperature at 16.85 The fluctuation between ~31.75 DEG C, the overall upward trend, but the water temperature is too low, resulting in slow growth of the shrimp, which may be the main reason for the breeding cycle is too long, so you can consider dropping seedling time delayed until late April, so as to shorten the breeding cycle, reduce cost; pH decreased gradually in the early stage of cultivation, in the late period of the basic stability; ammonia nitrogen content in the 0.20~6.56 mg/L between the content of nitrite nitrogen in 0.002~29.5 mg/L, the late nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of each pond is significantly high, have adverse effects on Penaeus vannamei growth and immune function. In aquaculture water phytoplankton in the 6 phylum 36 species (genera), 13 species (genera Chlorophyta), Pyrrophyta 6 species (genera), 6 bacillariophyta species (genus), Chrysophyta (6 genera), Euglenophyta 3 species (genera), Cyanophyta 2 species (genera). 8 dominant species (genus), dominant species of green algae gate is chloromonas. The oocysts of algae, Chlamydomonas ball, Bacillariophyta The dominant species were Cyclotella sp., Nitzschia, the dominant species were small soil dwelling algae Chrysophyta, dominant species of Cyanophyta as chroococcus, Oscillatoria. Physicochemical factors and phytoplankton community structure phase change significantly. Effect of soluble fish paste in Penaeus vannamei Cultured in greenhouse to the days of the state of South America No. 2 white shrimp feed to feed, with an average body length of about 2.25 cm vannamei as the research object, to feed adding 5% fish soluble feed pond as the experimental group, the Fed did not add fish soluble feed pond as the control group. The study found that the experimental group of Penaeus vannamei 4 to 6 days in advance listing, feed coefficient decreased by 5.3%, the content of nitrite in aquaculture water was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum of shrimp, catalase (CAT), phenoloxidase (PO) activity was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). The results show that: adding 5% fish soluble pulp The feed for prawn Penaeus vannmei essential amino acids especially lysine (Lys) content increased significantly, plenty of free amino acids (taurine Tau), small peptides and other small molecular nutrients can promote the growth of Penaeus vannamei, enhance immunity, improve the utilization rate of feed; fish soluble itself has a strong smell scent attractant has, to improve feed utilization rate has certain effect; fish soluble can promote the growth of phytoplankton in water, the dissolved oxygen in the water is increased, thereby reducing the concentration of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water, reduce or even eliminate the adverse effects of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen on growth and immune function of shrimp Penaeus.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S968.22

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