本文選題：核桃　切入點(diǎn)：樹形　出處：《塔里木大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本研究以第一師三團(tuán)6年生“新溫185”核桃為材料,系統(tǒng)的研究了兩種樹形對(duì)冠層結(jié)構(gòu)特性、冠層微環(huán)境(光照、溫度、濕度)、內(nèi)膛葉片光合特性以及果實(shí)產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響的差異,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)主干形樹形樹高較高,冠幅小,冠層行間距大,便于機(jī)械化管理,適合密植。自然圓頭形樹冠較矮,冠幅大,冠層行間距小,不利于機(jī)械化操作,種植密度不宜過密。主干形短果枝比例高達(dá)54.83%,營(yíng)養(yǎng)枝比例低,單株枝條量少,單位面積枝條總量數(shù)多。自然圓頭形短果枝比例為35.96%,營(yíng)養(yǎng)枝比例高,單株枝量多,單位面積枝量枝條總數(shù)少。主干形葉片的葉綠素含量及百葉重均優(yōu)于自然圓頭形。(2)兩種樹形冠層內(nèi)光照強(qiáng)度由下往上,由內(nèi)向外逐漸升高,主干形樹形冠層內(nèi)光照分布均勻,不同部位間光照強(qiáng)度差異較小,自然圓頭形,內(nèi)膛和外圍、下部和上部光照強(qiáng)度差異較大。主干形中層、下層及中間、內(nèi)膛的光照強(qiáng)度顯著大于自然圓頭形。主干形無效光區(qū)所占比例小,自然圓頭形無效光區(qū)所占比例大,主干形最適光區(qū)所占比例大,而自然圓頭形所占比例小。有效相對(duì)光照強(qiáng)度在主干形冠層內(nèi)不同部位分布相對(duì)均勻,而自然圓頭形則分布不均,主要分布在外圍和中部,上層和中間。(3)主干形和自然圓頭形兩種樹形冠層不同部位溫度日變化規(guī)律都呈現(xiàn)出降低-升高-降低的“S”形曲線,冠層由下往上,由內(nèi)往外溫度逐漸升高。早上6:00溫度最低,中午14點(diǎn)溫度最高。在8:00-20:00這段時(shí)間,在冠層的垂直方向,主干形和自然圓頭形上部、中部溫度差異不顯著,下部溫度差異顯著,主干形比自然圓頭形高3.6℃,在冠層水平方向,主干形和自然圓頭形外圍、中部差異不顯著,內(nèi)膛差異顯著,主干形比自然圓頭形高3.2℃。主干形冠層內(nèi)晝夜溫差比自然圓頭形晝夜溫差大,更利于干物質(zhì)的積累。五月到六月溫度上升,六月以后溫度逐漸下降,主干形冠層不同部位之間溫度變化不大,月平均溫差小,自然圓頭形冠層不同部位之間月平均溫差大。(4)主干形和自然圓頭形兩種樹形冠層不同部位相對(duì)濕度日變化規(guī)律呈現(xiàn)出降低-升高-降低的“S”形曲線,冠層內(nèi)由下往上、由內(nèi)往外相對(duì)濕度逐漸降低。白天相對(duì)濕度低,晚上相對(duì)濕度高,早上8:00相對(duì)濕度最大,下午18:00點(diǎn)相對(duì)濕度最低。主干形下層、內(nèi)膛相對(duì)濕度顯著的小于自然圓頭形。六月相對(duì)濕度最低,九月相對(duì)濕度最高。(5)主干形凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率的日變化均呈現(xiàn)雙峰曲線,并在中午12:00取得各自的最大值。自然圓頭形凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰作用的日變化則呈現(xiàn)單峰曲線,在中午14:00點(diǎn)達(dá)到最大值。主干形凈光合速率、氣孔導(dǎo)度、蒸騰速率、胞間二氧化碳均大于自然圓頭形,說明主干形樹形葉片進(jìn)行光合作用的能力大于自然圓頭形,光合產(chǎn)物的積累多于自然圓頭形,樹體對(duì)光的利用率高于自然圓頭形,有利于果實(shí)品質(zhì)的提高。(6)主干形和自然圓頭形平均每株掛果數(shù)分別為66.2個(gè)、191.1個(gè),在冠層垂直方向主干形掛果集中在中下層占78.7%,自然圓頭形集中在中上層占88.2%。在冠層水平方向主干形掛果集中在中部和內(nèi)膛占79.4%,自然圓頭形掛果集中在外圍和中部占90%。單位面積(666m2)結(jié)果數(shù)主干形為8817.84個(gè),自然圓頭形為6363.63個(gè),主干形比自然圓頭形掛果數(shù)多2454.21個(gè)。(7)主干形平均單果重為15.20 g,自然圓頭形為14.30 g,主干形比自然圓頭形單果重0.90 g;主干形平均仁重為10.70 g,自然圓頭形為9.17 g,主干形比自然圓頭形平均仁重重1.53 g;出仁率主干形平均為69.95%,自然圓頭形為64.75%,主干形比自然圓頭形高5.2%;主干形粗脂肪含量為67.10%,自然圓頭形為66.66%,主干形比自然圓頭形高0.44%;主干形總糖含量為10.59%,自然圓頭形為10.19%,主干形比自然圓頭形高0.41%;主干形總蛋白含量為17.32%,自然圓頭形為16.57%,主干形比自然圓頭形高0.76%。單位面積(666m2)產(chǎn)量主干形為134.0 kg,自然圓頭形為91.0 kg,主干形比自然圓頭形高43 kg。(8)在人工投入上每公頃主干形修剪、施肥、打藥、采收等農(nóng)事操作需花費(fèi)4100~5500元,自然圓頭形需花費(fèi)5000~6400元,主干形比自然圓頭形節(jié)約成本900~2100元。1 hm2主干形總收入為40209元,利潤(rùn)為34709~36109元,自然圓頭形總收入為27300元,利潤(rùn)為20900元~22300元。主干形利潤(rùn)比自然圓頭形高13809~15209元,單位面積(666m2)利潤(rùn)高920.6~1013.9元。
[Abstract]:In this study, the first division of the three groups of 6 year old "new temperature 185" walnut as materials, studied on the canopy structure characteristics of two kinds of tree canopy micro environment (light, temperature, humidity), differences in inner leaves effect of photosynthetic characteristics and yield of fruit quality and economic benefits, the main research results are as follows: (1) the main tree tree high, crown canopy, row spacing, mechanized management, suitable for close planting. Natural globeshaped crown is low, the crown, the canopy line spacing is small, is not conducive to mechanized operation, the planting density should not be too dense. The main form of short fruit ratio is as high as 54.83% the low proportion of vegetative branches per plant, less total number of branches, branches per unit area. The natural round shape short branch proportion is 35.96%, a high proportion of vegetative branches per plant, branches, branches, total branches per unit area. The amount of chlorophyll content and leaf shutter trunk weight are better than natural round shape. (2) two kinds of tree canopy light intensity from bottom to top, from the inside to the outside gradually increased, the main tree canopy light distribution, different parts of the light intensity difference is small, the natural round shape, inner and outer, lower and Kobe Hikaruteru intensity differences in trunk. The middle, lower and middle the bore, the light intensity was significantly greater than the natural round shape. The main form of invalid. The proportion of small, natural round shape invalid. The proportion, the optimal trunk region of large proportion, while the proportion of small natural round shape. The effective relative light intensity in the main canopy shape in different parts the distribution is relatively uniform, which is natural round shape uneven distribution, mainly distributed in the peripheral and central, upper and middle trunk. (3) and natural round shape law of two different parts of the canopy temperature diurnal variation showed decrease increase decrease in the shape of "S". Line, canopy from bottom to top, from the inside to the outside temperature gradually increased. The lowest temperature at 6:00 in the morning, at 14 noon. The highest temperature in 8:00-20:00 this time, in the vertical direction of the canopy, trunk shape and natural round shape of upper middle temperature, the difference was not significant, lower temperature difference, the main form of high temperature of 3.6 DEG C than the natural head, at the canopy level direction, trunk shape and natural round shape peripheral, central bore no significant difference, difference, main form 3.2 DEG C higher than natural round shape. The main canopy temperature than the natural round shape temperature difference between day and night, more suitable for dry matter accumulation. From May to June the temperature rise after June, the temperature gradually decreased, the main canopy shape between the different parts of big changes in temperature, monthly mean temperature difference is small, the natural round shape canopy between the different parts of the monthly average temperature. (4) the main shape and natural round shape two tree canopy shape in different department A diurnal variation of relative humidity showed a decrease increase decrease of the "S" curve, canopy from bottom to top, from the inside to the outside relative humidity decreased gradually during the day. Low relative humidity at high relative humidity, maximum relative humidity at 8:00 in the morning, at 18:00 in the afternoon. The minimum relative humidity within the lower trunk. The chamber relative humidity is significantly less than the natural round shape. The minimum relative humidity in June September, the highest relative humidity. (5) the main form of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate showed a diurnal variation curve of Shuangfeng, and 12:00 in the afternoon to get maximum value respectively. The natural round shape of net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance the diurnal variation of transpiration, showed a single peak curve, at 14:00 in the afternoon. The main form reached the maximum net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 was higher than natural round shape, that tree trunk leaf photosynthesis With a capacity greater than the natural round shape, the accumulation of photosynthetic products than the natural round shape of tree, the utilization rate of light is higher than the natural round shape, is beneficial to improve the fruit quality. (6) were the main form and natural round shape average fruit number per plant was 66.2, 191.1, in the vertical direction of the main canopy shaped fruiting in lower concentration accounted for 78.7%, natural round shape concentrated in the upper 88.2%. concentrated in the central bore in the horizontal direction and canopy trunk Guaguo accounted for 79.4%, natural round shape Guaguo concentrated in the peripheral and central 90%. unit area (666m2) the number of trunk is 8817.84, the natural round shape 6363.63 trunk, 2454.21 more than the natural bulletheaded Guaguo. (7) the main form of average fruit weight is 15.20 g, the natural round shape 14.30 g trunk shape than natural round shape weight 0.90 g; the average trunk seed weight was 10.70 g, the natural round shape 9.17 G, trunk shape than natural round shape with 1.53 g average kernel; kernel rate trunk for an average of 69.95%, the natural round shape 64.75%, trunk shape than natural round shape 5.2%; the content of crude fat is 67.10% trunk shape, natural round shape 66.66%, trunk shape than natural round shape 0.44%; total sugar content the main form is 10.59%, the natural round shape 10.19%, trunk shape than natural round shape 0.41%; the content of total protein backbone is 17.32%, the natural round shape is 16.57%, the main shape of high 0.76%. per unit area than the natural round (666m2) output trunk is 134 kg, the natural round shape 91 kg trunk than the natural round shape height of 43 kg. (8) in the artificial input per hectare trunk pruning, fertilizing, spraying, harvesting and other farming operation cost 4100~5500 yuan, the natural round shape cost 5000~6400 yuan, trunk shape than natural round shape cost 900~2100 yuan.1 hm2 trunk total revenue For 40209 yuan, the profit is 34709~36109 yuan, the total income of the natural round head is 27300 yuan, the profit is 20900 yuan ~22300 yuan. The main form profit is higher than the natural round head shape 13809~15209 yuan, the unit area (666m2) the profit is high 920.6~1013.9 yuan.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S664.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 劉娟;廖康;安曉芹;馬媛;李永閑;成小龍;李軍如;;不同主枝開張角度杏樹冠層微氣候特征的差異[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)林研究;2012年04期

2 成小龍;廖康;李楠;劉娟;趙世榮;馬媛;孫琪;;庫爾勒香梨冬季樹冠內(nèi)微氣候變化規(guī)律研究[J];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2012年10期

3 梅闖;覃偉銘;木合塔爾·扎熱;楊振;劉娟;李疆;;庫爾勒香梨冠層光合有效輻射研究初探[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科技導(dǎo)報(bào);2012年02期

4 阮班錄;劉建海;李雪薇;李丙智;韓明玉;張林森;周永博;;喬砧蘋果郁閉園不同改造方法對(duì)冠層光照和葉片狀況及產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年18期

5 閻騰飛;王華田;耿兵;張永濤;束懷瑞;;25年生‘富士’蘋果園冠層光能分布格局及其季節(jié)變化規(guī)律[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào);2011年16期

6 高方勝;王明友;;紅富士蘋果改形程度對(duì)冠層光強(qiáng)及果實(shí)產(chǎn)量品質(zhì)的影響[J];河南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年05期

7 薄翠萍;潘存德;王振錫;楊陽;高淑然;梁燕;;輪臺(tái)白杏開心形樹形冠內(nèi)光分布特征[J];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年03期

8 梅闖;羅淑萍;徐敏;楊文英;李疆;張強(qiáng);;庫爾勒香梨3種樹形光合特性的比較[J];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2011年02期

9 張海成;蘇淑釵;雷恒久;劉婷;王靜;;板栗葉幕微氣候與品質(zhì)的關(guān)系[J];果樹學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期

10 王開芳;劉元鉛;孫蕾;荀守華;;大櫻桃不同品種光合特性的研究[J];山東林業(yè)科技;2010年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：1574975