本文選題：羽虱　切入點(diǎn)：森林鳥類　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：寄生是一個成功的生活方式,已知的動物約50%都是寄生蟲。寄生蟲影響著它們宿主生活史的方方面面。羽虱(昆蟲綱:虱毛目)是鳥類豐富的體表寄生蟲,它們非常適應(yīng)于宿主的體表,在它們短暫的生命中很少離開宿主。目前,世界上已知的羽虱有5500多種,多數(shù)羽虱展現(xiàn)了高度的宿主專一性,是研究宿主——寄生蟲協(xié)同進(jìn)化(coevolution)的重要模型。目前,中國有關(guān)羽虱寄生蟲的研究數(shù)據(jù)比較缺乏,為調(diào)查中國羽虱寄生蟲的物種多樣性、分布、感染特征,以及驗(yàn)證宿主的形態(tài)特征與羽虱寄生蟲感染率、感染強(qiáng)度之間的關(guān)系,2012年7月至2016年6月期間,我們用霧網(wǎng)在中國的7省19個地點(diǎn)網(wǎng)捕到2210只鳥(屬于8目,45科,215種),對它們進(jìn)行體表寄生蟲的檢查,將采集到的部分羽虱制成玻片標(biāo)本,并對其中186只鳥(6目24科79種)感染的羽虱進(jìn)行進(jìn)行形態(tài)鑒定。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)共36科117種鳥感染羽虱,總感染率為28.1%(622/2210),總平均感染豐度為2.4,總平均感染強(qiáng)度為8.4。雀形目的104種603只鳥感染羽虱,非雀形目的13種19只感染羽虱。(2)羽虱鑒定結(jié)果為2亞目3科17屬,37種鑒定到種,其中28種羽虱為國內(nèi)首次記錄,10種羽虱發(fā)現(xiàn)新的宿主。(3)在宿主科間,羽虱感染率變化由啄木鳥科無感染至闊嘴鳥科83.1±6.2%,存在顯著差異(χ2=38.096,df=16,p = 0.001)。羽虱感染率在宿主種間也存在顯著性差異(χ2=47.274,df=29,p = 0.017),銀胸絲冠鳥(Serilophus lunatus)感染率最高。(4)羽虱平均感染豐度(χ2=10.9,df=11,p0.001)和平均感染強(qiáng)度(χ2=29.8,df=11,= 0.002)在宿主物種間具有顯著差異。(5)在氣候帶間(χ2=5.940,df=3,p = 0.115)、留鳥與遷徙鳥間(Mann-Whitney U test,U = 203.00,p = 0.128).羽虱感染率無顯著性差異,但是宿主的食性對羽虱感染有顯著影響(χ2=8.759,df= 2,p = 0.013),食蟲鳥的羽虱感染率最低(23.2±3.1%)。(6)羽虱感染率與宿主的體重顯著正相關(guān)(r = 0.356,p = 0.008);平均感染強(qiáng)度與宿主體重顯著正相關(guān)(r = 0.292,p = 0.032),與喙長無顯著相關(guān)(r = 0.193,p= 0.162)。
[Abstract]:Parasitism is a successful way of life. About 50% animals are known to be parasites. Parasites affect all aspects of their host's life cycle. They are very adapted to the host's body surface and rarely leave their host during their short life. At present, there are more than 5,500 species of feather lice known in the world, and most of them exhibit a high degree of host specificity. It is an important model to study the coevolution of host parasites. At present, there is a lack of data on the parasites in China. In order to investigate the species diversity, distribution and infection characteristics of the parasites in China, And to verify the relationship between the host's morphological characteristics and the infection rate and intensity of the parasites, from July 2012 to June 2016, We used fog nets to catch 2210 birds (215 species belonging to 45 families, 45 families, 8 orders) in 19 locations in 7 provinces of China. We examined them for parasites on the body surface and made some of them into glass slides. Six hundred and eighty-six species (24 families, 79 species) were identified. The main results were as follows: 1) 36 families, 117 species of birds were infected with feather lice. The total infection rate was 28.1R / 2210m, the total average infection abundance was 2.4. the total average infection intensity was 8.4.The results showed that 104 species 603 birds of the order finestes were infected with feather lice, 19 species from 13 species of non-lentiles were infected with feather lice, and 37 species belonging to 17 genera and 3 families of 2 suborders were identified. Among them, 28 species were first recorded in China and 10 species were discovered as new hosts. The infection rate of feather lice varied from non-infection in woodpecker to 83.1 鹵6.2in the family Braconidae, and there was a significant difference (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (38.096) d ~ (f1) ~ (16) p = 0.001). There was also a significant difference in infection rate among host species (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (47.274) d ~ (ffc29) p = 0.017, Serilophus lunatus.).) the average infection rate of feather lice was the highest. There was significant difference in abundance (蠂 ~ 2 + 10.9 ~ (10. 9) d ~ (fl) 11p 0.001) and average infection intensity (蠂 ~ 2 ~ (29. 8) d ~ (fl) ~ (11) = 0.002) between host species (蠂 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ (5.940) d ~ (fl) ~ 3p = 0.115). There was no significant difference in the infection rate of Mann-Whitney U testU = 203.00 (p = 0.128) between resident and migratory birds. However, the host's diet had a significant effect on the infection of feather lice (蠂 ~ (2) 8.759 ~ (df) = 2p = 0.013 ~ (p)). The infection rate of feather lice in insectivorous birds was the lowest (23.2 鹵3.1). There was a significant positive correlation between the infection rate of feather lice and the host's body weight (r = 0.356p = 0.008), and the average infection intensity was positively correlated with the host's body weight. R = 0.292, p = 0.032, no significant correlation with beak length, r = 0.193, p = 0.162.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S858.9

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳霞林;;產(chǎn)蛋鵝羽虱的診治[J];中國禽業(yè)導(dǎo)刊;2007年09期

2 江濤;;春季養(yǎng)鵝防羽虱[J];四川畜牧獸醫(yī);2010年04期

3 韓占兵;郭宏偉;克天佑;;雉雞羽虱的診治[J];中國獸醫(yī)雜志;2011年07期

4 ;敵殺死藥浴驅(qū)殺羽虱[J];湖北畜牧獸醫(yī);1991年03期

5 成源達(dá),葉立云,羅啟玉,伍受培;湖南鴨鵝寄生羽虱的調(diào)查[J];中國獸醫(yī)科技;1992年11期

6 廖光佩,楊繼宗,郭成華,侯學(xué)云,金滔弟,李方來,馬世澤,曾有清,洪岳祥,戚小佛,陳方華,陳英宏,曹美華,王榮發(fā),何躍鈞,陳引法,楊連夫,朱亞法,楊清山;禽鳥羽虱調(diào)查報告[J];中國動物檢疫;1994年06期

7 廖光佩，，楊繼宗，郭成華，楊清山;鵝體表發(fā)現(xiàn)廣口羽虱[J];中國獸醫(yī)科技;1995年04期

8 陳克強(qiáng),李莎;上海地區(qū)家禽羽虱種類記述[J];中國獸醫(yī)寄生蟲病;2005年01期

9 郭建平;;鵪鶉羽虱病的診治[J];畜牧獸醫(yī)雜志;2008年02期

10 況玉璽;;珍禽羽虱病的防治[J];特種經(jīng)濟(jì)動植物;2009年07期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 林青;于三科;;陜西省榆林地區(qū)放養(yǎng)雞寄生蟲的初步調(diào)查[A];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)學(xué)會家畜寄生蟲學(xué)分會第九次學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文摘要集[C];2006年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前4條

1 江濤;健康養(yǎng)鵝要防鵝羽虱[N];農(nóng)民日報;2013年

2 沙河市畜牧局 李文英 劉鳳婷;抓緊時間治雞虱[N];河北科技報;2006年

3 ;防治鴿子羽虱 腸炎 肝腫病[N];中國畜牧獸醫(yī)報;2008年

4 深州市良知臺雜交肉鴿養(yǎng)殖場 李劍飛;肉鴿六種常發(fā)病[N];河北農(nóng)民報;2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 儲杏枝;鳥類宿主身體大小和食性對羽虱感染率和感染強(qiáng)度的影響[D];安徽大學(xué);2017年

本文編號：1574900