本文選題：海洋環(huán)保NGO　切入點：海洋環(huán)境　出處：《上海海洋大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：海洋環(huán)境是一種典型的公共物品,在以往的經(jīng)驗看來,僅僅依靠某一主體對其全權(quán)進行保護與治理是行不通的。所以,在不同的治理主體中,我們要形成以政府為引導中心,各利益相關(guān)主體共同協(xié)作的治理模式。其中,各主體各司其職、各盡其能,海洋環(huán)保NGO作為聯(lián)合公眾的載體同樣也發(fā)揮著十分重要的作用。但是,就目前我國海洋環(huán)保NGO的發(fā)展來看,其面臨的障礙還有許多。從一般意義的環(huán)保NGO而言,政府有關(guān)部門對環(huán)保NGO并不是十分信任,政府對NGO采取的“雙重”管理體制嚴重束縛了環(huán)保NGO的進一步發(fā)展。同時,我國環(huán)保NGO成立的時間都比較短,現(xiàn)階段社會公信力還不夠、自身綜合能力不是很高也是其發(fā)展過程中亟需克服的問題。不僅如此,現(xiàn)階段國民海洋環(huán)保的意識也比較弱,僅有少部分人會積極參與到海洋環(huán)境保護中來;從海洋環(huán)境保護的特殊性而言,針對海洋環(huán)境保護與治理的NGO不僅需要面對一般NGO需要面對的困難,同時還有海洋知識專業(yè)性、海洋問題復雜性等狀況。因此,如何優(yōu)化我國海洋環(huán)保NGO的生存制度環(huán)境,如何加強其自身專業(yè)能力建設(shè),獲得社會公眾的認可,使海洋環(huán)保NGO在海洋環(huán)境保護過程中發(fā)揮更大的作用,是本文研究的主要目的。文章以海洋環(huán)保NGO為研究對象,對其起源、發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀、存在的問題以及問題產(chǎn)生的原因等展開了一系列基礎(chǔ)性研究。首先,以我國海洋環(huán)保NGO發(fā)展歷程和現(xiàn)狀為切入點,結(jié)合調(diào)查報告和個別案例加以說明,總結(jié)我國海洋環(huán)保NGO目前存在的問題主要有數(shù)量較少、決策參與度不足、環(huán)境維權(quán)角色薄弱、海洋環(huán)保應(yīng)急管理作用、公眾參與欠缺、組織活動影響力度有限等幾個方面,并分析歸納了我國海洋環(huán)保NGO存在問題的原因主要是法律與政策的供給不足、缺乏穩(wěn)定資金來源、公民環(huán)保意識薄弱以及環(huán)保NGO組織建設(shè)乏力。最后,文章在借鑒美日海洋環(huán)保NGO在管理監(jiān)督及運作過程等成功經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國海洋環(huán)保NGO自身的發(fā)展特點,從營造海洋環(huán)保NGO制度環(huán)境、加強合作伙伴資金支持及引導以及增強其自身建設(shè)等方面進行借鑒,并從優(yōu)化法律和政策環(huán)境、建立制度化的資金籌集渠道、積極培育公民海洋環(huán)保意識以及加強自身組織專業(yè)能力建設(shè)四個方面提出促進我國海洋環(huán)保NGO發(fā)展的對策建議。
[Abstract]:The marine environment is a kind of typical public goods. In the past experience, it is not feasible to rely solely on a certain subject to protect and govern it completely. Therefore, in different governance subjects, we should form the government as the guidance center. The governance model of the cooperation of various stakeholders. Among them, the main bodies do their respective duties and do their best. The marine environmental protection NGO also plays a very important role as the carrier of the joint public. However, as the carrier of the joint public, marine environmental protection NGO also plays a very important role. As far as the development of marine environmental protection NGO in China is concerned, there are still many obstacles it faces. In terms of environmental protection NGO in the general sense, the relevant government departments do not have great confidence in environmental protection NGO. The "double" management system adopted by the government to NGO has seriously restricted the further development of environmental protection NGO. At the same time, the establishment time of environmental protection NGO in our country is relatively short, and the social credibility is not enough at the present stage. Not only that, the awareness of national marine environmental protection is also relatively weak at present, only a small number of people will actively participate in marine environmental protection; From the particularity of marine environmental protection, the NGO for marine environmental protection and governance needs not only the difficulties that the general NGO has to face, but also the professional knowledge of the ocean and the complexity of the marine problems. How to optimize the living system environment of marine environmental protection NGO in China, how to strengthen its own professional ability construction, obtain the social public recognition, and make the marine environmental protection NGO play a greater role in the process of marine environment protection. This paper takes the marine environmental protection NGO as the research object, and carries out a series of basic research on its origin, development, current situation, existing problems and the causes of the problems. Based on the development history and current situation of marine environmental protection NGO in China, combined with investigation report and individual cases, the paper summarizes the problems existing in marine environmental protection NGO in China, such as less quantity, insufficient participation in decision-making and weak role of environmental protection. Some aspects such as the role of marine environmental emergency management, the lack of public participation, the limited influence of organizing activities, and so on, are analyzed and summarized. The main reasons for the problems of marine environmental protection NGO in China are the insufficient supply of laws and policies, and the lack of stable sources of funds. The citizen's awareness of environmental protection is weak and the construction of environmental protection NGO organization is weak. Finally, based on the successful experiences of American and Japanese marine environmental protection NGO in the management, supervision and operation process, this paper combines the development characteristics of our country's marine environmental protection NGO itself. From the aspects of creating the environment of marine environmental protection NGO system, strengthening the financial support and guidance of partners and strengthening their own construction, and from the optimization of the legal and policy environment, the establishment of institutionalized funding channels, The countermeasures and suggestions on how to promote the development of marine environmental protection NGO in China are put forward from four aspects: cultivating citizens' awareness of marine environmental protection and strengthening their own professional ability.
【學位授予單位】：上海海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F326.4;X322

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