本文關(guān)鍵詞： 蜜蜂授粉 果實(shí)發(fā)育 座果率 果形 果實(shí)性狀　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為提高富士蘋果的座果率,改善果實(shí)的外觀品質(zhì),提高商品價值,本試驗(yàn)以富士為試材,2015年-2016年連續(xù)2年系統(tǒng)的觀測了果實(shí)的發(fā)育動態(tài),調(diào)查分析了寧夏引黃灌區(qū)富士蘋果果形變化的動態(tài),并通過蜜蜂授粉提高蘋果座果率、調(diào)控果形和果實(shí)性狀,獲得了如下結(jié)論:1.花期凍害后果園內(nèi)蜜蜂授粉示范中的調(diào)查結(jié)果:果園內(nèi)放蜂與對照相比,蜜蜂授粉可顯著提高蘋果座果率,降低幼果受凍率;可顯著降低偏斜果率、提高果實(shí)果形指數(shù)、優(yōu)果率和蘋果產(chǎn)量,相應(yīng)地顯著降低了凍害減產(chǎn)率;若增產(chǎn)按20%計(jì)算,蜜蜂授粉的投入收益比為1:50,自然狀態(tài)下的投入收益比為1:1;采取人工放蜂,成本低,效益高,較大程度的挽回了產(chǎn)量損失和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。2.網(wǎng)罩隔離情況下蜜蜂授粉試驗(yàn)結(jié)果:(1)在果實(shí)發(fā)育動態(tài)上,寧夏引黃灌區(qū)富士蘋果在整個生長期果實(shí)縱、橫徑增長動態(tài)趨勢均表現(xiàn)單“S”型生長曲線。果實(shí)生長的幼果期,果實(shí)縱徑略大于橫徑,果形指數(shù)大于1;果實(shí)進(jìn)入膨大期,果實(shí)橫徑始終大于縱徑。單果重的增加在整個生長季內(nèi)也表現(xiàn)為單“S”型變化曲線,其變化在幼果期、膨大期、緩慢生長期內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)慢-快-慢的增長趨勢。(2)蜜蜂授粉可有效提高富士蘋果座果率。不同授粉方式下富士蘋果座果率按高低排序?yàn)?蜜蜂授粉T1自然對照CK自然風(fēng)媒T2,蜜蜂授粉下的富士蘋果座果率最高,自然對照次之,自然風(fēng)媒最差。(3)在果形指數(shù)上,一般表現(xiàn)為端正果偏斜果畸形果;在果實(shí)偏斜率方面則是畸形果偏斜果端正果。不同授粉方式下果形指數(shù)和優(yōu)果率均是蜜蜂授粉T1自然對照CK自然風(fēng)媒T2;果實(shí)偏斜率自然風(fēng)媒T2自然對照CK蜜蜂授粉T1;蜜蜂授粉可顯著提高蘋果果形指數(shù),降低果實(shí)偏斜率,增加優(yōu)果率,可產(chǎn)生較多的端正果,降低畸形果的形成。著生在樹冠南邊和西邊的蘋果果形指數(shù)略高于東邊和北邊的果實(shí);樹體下端的蘋果果形指數(shù)高于上端和中部。下垂果的果形指數(shù)高于側(cè)生果,在疏果階段盡可能多留下垂果,去除側(cè)生果。(4)果實(shí)內(nèi)種子數(shù)量與果形有很大關(guān)系。一般來說,端正果偏斜果畸形果,種子發(fā)育狀況直接影響蘋果果形指數(shù)和果實(shí)偏斜率,果實(shí)種子數(shù)與果形指數(shù)之間呈正相關(guān),與果實(shí)偏斜呈負(fù)相關(guān)。不同授粉方式下種子數(shù)量蜜蜂授粉T1自然對照CK自然風(fēng)媒T2,故蜜蜂授粉可顯著增加果實(shí)內(nèi)的種子數(shù)量,進(jìn)而提高果形指數(shù)。(5)果柄長度和粗度與果形也有一定關(guān)系。果柄長度和粗度均表現(xiàn)為端正果偏斜果畸形果,果柄的長度和粗度與蘋果果形指數(shù)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與果實(shí)偏斜率呈負(fù)相關(guān)。不同授粉方式下果柄長度和粗度蜜蜂授粉T1自然對照CK自然風(fēng)媒T2,故蜜蜂授粉可增長果柄長度、增粗果柄粗度,進(jìn)而提高果形指數(shù)。(6)不同授粉方式下蘋果單果重、株產(chǎn)的大小關(guān)系均為蜜蜂授粉T1自然對照CK自然風(fēng)媒T2,單果重與株產(chǎn)之間呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,蜜蜂授粉可顯著提高蘋果產(chǎn)量。蜜蜂授粉下的蘋果著色指數(shù)最高,外觀品質(zhì)最好。蜜蜂授粉可顯著提高富士蘋果可溶性固形物含量,固酸比;對果實(shí)硬度和可滴定酸的影響不顯著。故蜜蜂授粉可有效改善富士蘋果果實(shí)的綜合品質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the Fuji apple fruit, improve the appearance of the fruit quality, improve the value of the goods, this experiment takes Fuji as test materials, 2015 -2016 for 2 consecutive years, the development of dynamic observation system of fruit, investigation and analysis of the dynamic irrigation area of Ningxia Fuji apple shape change, and through bee pollination improve apple fruit, fruit regulation the shape and fruit traits, are as follows: the survey results in orchard bee pollination in the demonstration of 1.: after florescence freezing injury within the orchard bee compared with the control, bee pollination can significantly improve apple fruit, reduce fruit freezing rate; can significantly reduce the deflection increase fruit fruit rate, fruit shape index, fruit rate and yield of Apple accordingly, significantly reduced the damage reduction rate; if the yield is calculated by 20% of the investment income ratio of bee pollination at 1:50, the natural state of the investment income ratio is 1:1; adopt artificial bee, low cost, high efficiency And greatly save production and economic losses of.2. net result of bee pollination test isolation conditions: (1) in the fruit growth dynamic, the irrigation area of Ningxia Fuji apple in the whole growth period of fruit length, diameter growth trend showed a single "S" type growth curve. The fruit growth of young fruit period the fruit is slightly larger than the longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, fruit shape index is greater than 1; enter the fruit enlargement period, fruit diameter is always greater than the vertical diameter. The single fruit weight increased in the whole growth season as well as the single "S" type curve, the change in fruit enlargement period, growth period, the trend of slow fast slow the show slow growth period. (2) bee pollination can improve the fruit set. Fuji apple Fuji apple fruit under different pollination methods according to the level of order: T1 natural bee pollination control CK T2 natural wind, bee pollination under the Fuji Apple was the highest, natural control time The natural wind (3). The difference in fruit shape index, the general performance of end deflection of malformed fruit in the fruit fruit; the fruit is the deviation rate of malformed fruit fruit fruit. End deflection of different pollination methods under the fruit shape index and fruit rate is T1 natural bee pollination control CK T2 natural wind pollinated fruit; the real natural wind deflection control CK T1 T2 natural bee pollination; bee pollination can improve apple fruit shape index, fruit reduced partial slope, increase fruit rate, fruit end can produce more, reduce the formation of malformed fruit. Apple fruit shape index in the South and west of the crown is slightly higher than the East and North fruit tree; the lower end of the apple fruit shape index is higher than upper and middle. The fruit shape index of fruit was higher than that of lateral drooping fruits in the fruit thinning stage as much as possible left hanging fruit, fruit removal side. (4) has a lot of fruit seed number and fruit shape. Generally speaking, the end Zhengguo deviation The fruit of malformed fruit, seed development status affects the apple fruit shape index and fruit partial slope, there was a positive correlation between seed number and fruit shape index was negatively correlated with fruit CK natural T2 natural wind deflection. Control the seed number of bee pollination T1 different pollination methods, the bee pollination could significantly increase the number of seeds in the fruit then, to improve the fruit shape index. (5) the length and diameter of fruit stalk and fruit shape also have a certain relationship. The fruit stalk length and diameter were end deflection of malformed fruit fruit fruit, fruit stalk length and coarseness and positive correlation between apple fruit shape index, fruit rate was negatively correlated with the deviation. CK T2 natural wind control natural fruit stalk length and coarseness of bee pollination T1 different pollination methods, so it can increase bee pollination fruit stalk length, fruit stalk thickening roughness, and improve the fruit shape index. (6) under different pollination methods of apple fruit weight, the size of the relationship between strains Are T1 natural bee pollination control CK natural wind T2, fruit weight and yield was positively correlated, bee pollination could significantly increase the yield of apple. The apple color index of bee pollination under the highest appearance, best quality. Bee pollination can significantly improve the Fuji Apple soluble solids content, soluble solid acid ratio of fruit was not significant; the hardness and titratable acid. The effects of the bee pollination can effectively improve the comprehensive quality of Fuji apple fruit.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S661.1

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