發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-20 06:01

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 茴香薄翅野螟 毒死蜱 高效氯氰菊酯 抗性監(jiān)測 酶活性 農(nóng)藥混配　出處：《青海大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：茴香薄翅野螟(Evergestis extimalis Scopoli)現(xiàn)已成為青海省油菜田主要害蟲,而目前防治茴香薄翅野螟主要還是依賴于化學(xué)農(nóng)藥,長期大劑量噴施單一化學(xué)農(nóng)藥已導(dǎo)致該蟲對大部分農(nóng)藥可能產(chǎn)生了抗藥性,從而影響其防治效果。本研究就該害蟲對12種防治常用殺蟲劑的抗藥性進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測,并初步探索了茴香薄翅野螟抗性產(chǎn)生的生理生化機(jī)制及抗性治理方案。研究結(jié)果如下:本文采用胃毒法在室內(nèi)測定了12種殺蟲劑對茴香薄翅野螟幼蟲的毒力,結(jié)果表明:24h內(nèi)阿維菌素、多殺菌素、毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯對茴香薄翅野螟表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的毒力,其LC50值為4.1278-17.0079mg/L,而三唑磷、殺螟丹、殺蟲單和丁醚脲表現(xiàn)出較低的毒力,其LC50值為10.2747-1612.4867mg/L;48h內(nèi)阿維菌素、多殺菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱和氯蟲苯甲酰胺對茴香薄翅野螟表現(xiàn)出較高的毒力,其LC50值為0.4814-5.5995mg/L,三唑磷、殺螟丹、殺蟲單、丁醚脲、乙酰甲胺磷表現(xiàn)出較低的毒力,其LC50值為8.3911-117.1618mg/L。2014-2016年,采用胃毒法室內(nèi)監(jiān)測了茴香薄翅野螟對12種殺蟲劑的抗性變化情況,結(jié)果表明:處理后48h后,氯蟲苯甲酰胺對茴香薄翅野螟表現(xiàn)出最高抗性水平,相對抗性倍數(shù)接近或者超過14;溴蟲腈表現(xiàn)出最低抗性水平,相對抗性倍數(shù)接近或者低于1;阿維菌素、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷和茚蟲威的抗性水平均為增長趨勢,其中阿維菌素和三唑磷相對抗性倍數(shù)分別從1.68和0.51增長到4.45和5.33;毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、多殺菌素、殺螟丹、殺蟲單、溴蟲腈、氯蟲苯甲酰胺和丁醚脲的抗性水平為下降趨勢,其中氯蟲苯甲酰胺下降最明顯,相對抗性倍數(shù)從14.10下降到0.45。后選取生產(chǎn)中常用的三種殺蟲劑—毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯和阿維菌素,分別研究了亞致死劑量處理對茴香薄翅野螟幼蟲體內(nèi)乙酰膽堿酯酶、谷胱甘肽-s-轉(zhuǎn)移酶和羧酸酯酶的活性變化影響。結(jié)果表明:亞致死劑量的毒死蜱處理72h,羧酸酯酶活性明顯下降,由4.6911U/ml下降至0.0639U/ml;而谷胱甘肽-s-轉(zhuǎn)移酶的活性顯著升高,由27.9027U/ml升高至39.0653U/ml;乙酰膽堿酯酶的活性則沒有明顯變化;高效氯氰菊酯處理后,乙酰膽堿酯酶活性下降但不明顯,羧酸酯酶活性先下降后又逐漸增強(qiáng),谷胱甘肽-s-轉(zhuǎn)移酶活性變化不大;阿維菌素處理后,乙酰膽堿酯酶活性明顯下降,由0.3051U/ml下降至0.0804U/ml;谷胱甘肽-s-轉(zhuǎn)移酶活性先增加后逐漸被抑制,羧酸酯酶活性隨時(shí)間延長而明顯升高,由0.4691U/ml上升至3.4178U/ml。由此可知,三種藥劑的亞致死劑量均對茴香薄翅野螟靶標(biāo)酶的活性產(chǎn)生了明顯抑制作用,而對代謝酶活性則具有明顯誘導(dǎo)作用。繼續(xù)采用胃毒法測定了毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯和阿維菌素3種常用殺蟲劑混配后對茴香薄翅野螟的聯(lián)合毒力。結(jié)果表明,在處理24h時(shí),阿維菌素+高效氯氰菊酯(0.31+0.74)mg/L和阿維菌素+毒死蜱(0.31+0.42)mg/L對茴香薄翅野螟幼蟲的毒力表現(xiàn)為增效作用,共毒系數(shù)分別為302.34和441.73,而高效氯氰菊酯+毒死蜱(0.74+0.42)mg/L表現(xiàn)為拮抗作用,共毒系數(shù)僅為1.19。處理48h后發(fā)現(xiàn),阿維菌素+高效氯氰菊酯(0.31+0.74)mg/L、阿維菌素+毒死蜱(0.31+0.42)mg/L和高效氯氰菊酯+毒死蜱(0.74+0.42)mg/L混配均表現(xiàn)為增效作用,且共毒系數(shù)很大,分別為644.08、155.21和239.58,其中阿維菌素+高效氯氰菊酯(0.31+0.74)mg/L為最佳組合。
[Abstract]:Evergestis extimalis (Evergestis extimalis Scopoli) has become a major pest in Qinghai Province vegetable, and the prevention of evergestis extimalis mainly depends on chemical pesticides, long-term high-dose spraying chemical pesticides have resulted in the single worm may be resistant to most pesticides, thus affecting its control effect. This research on resistance 12 kinds of control pests to insecticides were monitored and studied the physiological and biochemical mechanism and resistance management program evergestis extimalis resistance. The results are as follows: the toxicity of 12 insecticides on evergestis extimalis larvae were determined in the laboratory by stomach toxicity test results showed that 24h in avermectin, spinosad, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin on evergestis extimalis showed strong virulence, its LC50 value is 4.1278-17.0079mg/L, while the three Triazophos, cyanophos Shachongdan and Dan. Ding Miniao showed lower virulence, its LC50 value is 10.2747-1612.4867mg/L; 48h abamectin, spinosad, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos and chlorantraniliprole on evergestis extimalis showed high virulence, its LC50 value is three 0.4814-5.5995mg/L, Triazophos, cartap, monosultap, Diafenthiuron acephate, showed low virulence, its LC50 value is 8.3911-117.1618mg/L.2014-2016, the indoor monitoring evergestis extimalis resistance changes of 12 kinds of insecticides, the stomach poison method and the results show that after 48h, chlorantraniliprole on evergestis extimalis showed the highest resistance level, relative resistance multiples close to or more than 14; chlorfenapyr showed the lowest resistance level, the relative resistance ratio close to or less than 1; the resistance level of three abamectin, acephate, Triazophos and indoxacarb showed growth trend, including Abamectin And three Triazophos relative resistance factor respectively from 1.68 and 0.51 increased to 4.45 and 5.33; chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, spinosad, cartap, monosultap, chlorfenapyr, level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and Ding Miniao was decreased, the chlorantraniliprole decreased the most, relative the resistance ratio decreased from 14.10 to 0.45. after selecting three kinds of insecticide chlorpyrifos commonly used in the production of beta cypermethrin and abamectin were studied with sublethal dose of evergestis extimalis larvae of acetylcholinesterase, effects of glutathione -s- transferase and carboxylesterase activity. The results showed that the sublethal chlorpyrifos treatment 72h the dose of carboxylesterase activity decreased significantly, decreased from 4.6911U/ml to 0.0639U/ml; and glutathione -s- transferase activity was significantly increased, increased from 27.9027U/ml to 39.0653U/ml; acetylcholinesterase activity It has no obvious change; beta cypermethrin treatment, but not significantly decreased the activity of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase activity was gradually increased after the first drop, glutathione -s- transferase enzyme activity changed little; abamectin treatment, acetylcholinesterase activity decreased significantly, decreased from 0.3051U/ml to 0.0804U/ml; after the first increase gradually by the inhibition of enzyme activity of glutathione -s- shift, carboxylesterase activity increased as time increased, increased from 0.4691U/ml to 3.4178U/ml. so that the three insecticides sublethal doses were the subject of enzyme evergestis extimalis target activity have significant inhibitory effect, and have significant effect on the metabolic enzyme activity was determined by chlorpyrifos. Continue stomach poison method. Combined with the virulence of evergestis extimalis of beta cypermethrin and abamectin mixed with 3 insecticides. The results showed that at 24h, O Abamectin + cypermethrin and abamectin + (0.31+0.74) mg/L (0.31+0.42) mg/L on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos evergestis extimalis larvae showed a synergistic effect, the CO toxicity coefficient were 302.34 and 441.73, and beta cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos (0.74+0.42) mg/L showed antagonistic effect, the CO toxicity coefficient is only 1.19. 48h found that abamectin + cypermethrin (0.31+0.74) mg/L, (0.31+0.42) mg/L + abamectin chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos (0.74+0.42) mixed with mg/L showed a synergistic effect, and the CO toxicity coefficient, 644.08155.21 and 239.58 respectively, including abamectin + cypermethrin (0.31+0.74 mg/L) is the best combination.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：青海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S435.654

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